INS- Section 3.0-3.4 Flashcards
Who was the first European to reach New York Bay?
Giovanni da Verrazzano
What did the Dutch West India Company want settlers to trade?
Furs
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The movement of people, plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas.
Why was New Amsterdam’s location good for a trading colony?
Being near water allowed goods to easily move to and from the island.
What is a colony?
A settlement far from the country that rules it.
Who was Henry Hudson?
An explorer who sailed into New York Bay in 1609, the Hudson River is named after him.
What did Peter Minuit do in 1626?
He made a deal with the Lenni Lenape to buy Manhattan Island.
What is a tenant farmer?
A person who farms land and pays rent in crops or money.
Who was Peter Stuyvesant?
A Dutch leader who arrived in 1647 to govern New Netherland.
What happened when the English took control of New Netherland?
They renamed it New York after the Duke of York.
What is a tradition?
A custom that is special to a culture.
Who was James, Duke of York?
He allowed Dutch colonists to maintain their traditions while pledging loyalty to the English king.
What is a government?
An organized system of leaders that runs a community or country.
What is an assembly?
A group of people who make decisions about government matters.
What is a tax?
A sum of money paid to help support the government.
Who was Charles II?
The English king who made New York a royal colony.
Who was Richard Nicolls?
New York’s first governor, who appointed local leaders like sheriffs and mayors.
What happened in 1683 in New York?
The New York Assembly was created, allowing colonists to choose some lawmakers.
What is an immigrant?
A person who moves to a different country to live.
What is an indentured servant?
A person who agrees to work without pay for a set time in exchange for travel expenses.
Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants who fled to New York for religious freedom and settled in places like New Paltz.
What contributions did German immigrants make?
They brought farming expertise and built durable stone walls, many of which still stand today.
How many enslaved Africans lived in New York by 1774?
Over 6,500 enslaved Africans lived in New York, with most never gaining freedom.
What contributions did the Dutch make to New York culture?
They introduced ice skating and games resembling bowling.
What contributions did Native Americans make to New York culture?
They contributed crops like pumpkins, squash, and corn.
What contributions did Africans make to New York culture?
They added foods like okra and yams, as well as music and instruments like the banjo.
What happened in 1664 in New Netherland?
The English took over New Netherland and renamed it New York.
What happened in 1707 that affected immigration to New York?
The formation of Great Britain led to increased immigration from Scotland.
What is slavery?
The practice of treating people as property and forcing them to work.
What is the slave trade?
The buying and selling of enslaved people.
What is the triangular trade route?
A trade route shaped like a triangle connecting Europe, Africa, and America, used to trade goods for enslaved people.
Who were artisans?
Skilled workers such as carpenters, barrel makers, and blacksmiths.
What work did enslaved people do on farms?
They cleared land, planted crops, and cared for animals.
What work did enslaved people do in homes?
They cooked, cleaned, sewed, and cared for children.
What work did enslaved people do in cities?
They worked as artisans, sold goods, loaded/unloaded ships, and sometimes built ships.
Where did enslaved people live?
In sheds or cramped quarters on their master’s property.
Who was Jupiter Hammon?
The first African American to publish a poem, who wrote about liberty and honesty.
What were slave codes?
Laws restricting enslaved people’s movement and behavior, such as bans on gatherings or fast horse riding.
What is a revolt?
To rise up against authority or an owner.
What happened in 1624 in New Netherland?
The first enslaved Africans arrived, helping to build Fort Amsterdam and working on farms.
What happened in 1712 in New York City?
Enslaved workers set a building on fire and attacked several people, leading to harsh punishments.
What happened in 1741 in New York City?
A series of unexplained fires led to the trial and punishment of over 100 enslaved people.
How did enslaved people resist unfair laws?
They worked slowly, refused tasks, or revolted against their owners.
What is a manor?
A large area of land owned by one person, often resembling a small town.
What are goods?
Products that people make, use, or share.
What are services?
Work done for others, such as building or fixing something.
What tasks were done on small farms?
Families cleared trees, planted crops, cooked meals, and repaired fences.
What tasks were done on manors?
Enslaved workers farmed, baked bread, cared for animals, and ran mills.
What is Philipsburg Manor known for?
It was a manor in Sleepy Hollow, New York, that relied on enslaved workers.
Who is a merchant?
A person who sells goods.
Why was shipbuilding important in colonial New York?
Merchants needed ships to transport goods, leading to the rise of shipbuilding.
What tasks did artisans perform in cities?
Artisans made horseshoes, hats, books, and other goods.
What were New York�s largest cities in the 1700s?
New York City and Albany.
What was special about Albany in 1726?
Albany opened New York�s first chocolate factory.
What does it mean to import goods?
To bring goods into a place from another.
What does it mean to export goods?
To send goods out for sale.
What were New York�s main exports?
Fur, wheat, flour, wood, fish, and vegetables.
What were New York�s main imports?
Spices, porcelain, glassware, sugar, and molasses.
Why was New York City�s harbor important?
It served as the colony�s economic lifeline for transporting goods and letters.
What did Native Americans trade with New York colonists?
They traded furs, which were shipped to Britain to make products like hats.
What products were created from New York�s timber and metals?
Furniture, teapots, and other finished products.
What happened in 1726 in Albany?
New York�s first chocolate factory was established in Albany.
What is lye used for?
Lye, a chemical made from wood ashes, was used to make soap.
How did families in colonial New York get water and light?
Water was pumped from wells, and light came from candles or oil lamps.
What were some chores girls did in colonial New York?
Girls helped with cooking, washing clothes, and making soap from lye and animal fat.
What were some chores boys did in colonial New York?
Boys helped with milking cows, planting crops, chopping firewood, and herding animals.
What is an apprentice?
An apprentice is someone who works for a skilled person to learn a trade.
What is a trade?
A trade is a job, skill, or field of work.
What are Charity Schools?
Charity Schools were schools that taught enslaved and freed African Americans religion and basic skills.
What was the challenge faced by Dutch children in colonial New York?
Many Dutch children struggled to learn English after the colony changed hands.
Who was Elias Neau, and what did he do in 1704?
Elias Neau opened the first school for enslaved African Americans to teach religion in 1704.
Why did some settlers come to New York for religious reasons?
Some settlers, such as the Huguenots, came to New York to practice their religion freely.
What games did children play for fun?
Children played games like hoop and stick, graces, and horseshoes.
What kinds of music and instruments were popular with colonists?
Colonists enjoyed music and dancing. Instruments included violins, fiddles, flutes, harpsichords, and English guitars.
What role did music play for enslaved people?
Enslaved people created their own music using stringed instruments made from wood and gourds.
