Inorganic Chemistry- Topic 1+2 Flashcards
Aufbau principle states
That orbitals are filled in order of increasing energy
Hunds rule states
That in degenerate orbitals electrons full singly first to keep the spin parallel
Quantum numbers
Energy level(n), orbital shape- sub shell location(l), orientation(m), spin,(m)
Oxidation states
Oxygen=-2
Hydrogen=+1
High oxidation states give
Good oxidising agents
Low oxidation states give
Good reducing agents
Ligands are
Molecules or negative ions with non-bonding electron pairs which they donate to the unfilled metal orbitals
A dative covalent bond is formed when
Both electrons in the covalent bond come from the same atom
Coordination number is
The total number of bonds between ligands and the metal
IUPAC rules state
When naming transition metal complex ions firstly
Ligands are named first in an alphabetical order
Ligands ending with an e end with an o
If the complex is a negative ion the metal ends with ate
D orbitals in complexes are no longer degenerate
They are split into two halves, difference between these rely on the ligand
Colour is produced when
Light of a certain frequency is absorbed to promote a d electron from the low orbitals to the high orbitals
Homogenous
The catalyst is in the same state as the reactants
Heterogenous
The catalyst is in a different state from the reactants
shape when the arrangement of electrons is 3
trigonal planar
