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inorganic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

list 2 ways to prevent rusting

A

painting/coating with plastic
oiling/greasing

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2
Q

bromines state at room temp.

A

red-brown liquid
gives off orange vapour

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3
Q

chlorines state at room temp.

A

poisonous green gas

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4
Q

iodines state when heated

A

dark grey crystalline solid
gives off purple vapour

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5
Q

define a displacement reaction

A

where a more reactive element pushes out a less reactive element from a compound

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6
Q

oxidising agent function

A

accepts electrons and gets reduced

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7
Q

reducing agent function

A

donates electrons and gets oxidised

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8
Q

what is magnesiums state and what does it form when burnt in air and reacts with oxygen

A

bright white flame
white powder formed (magnesium oxide)

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9
Q

what is hydrogens state and what does it form when burnt in air and reacts with oxygen

A

can be explosive
pale blue flame
produces water vapour

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10
Q

what is sulfurs state and what does it form when burnt in air and reacts with oxygen

A

pale blue flame
produces sulfur dioxide

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11
Q

are common salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble

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12
Q

are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble

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13
Q

are common chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble except silver chloride and lead chloride

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14
Q

are common sulfates soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble except for lead, barium and calcium sulfate

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15
Q

are common carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

insoluble except for sodium potassium and ammonium

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16
Q

are common hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

insoluble except for sodium potassium and calcium

17
Q

how to make lead sulphate (7 marks)

A
  • add 1 spatula of lead nitrate to test tube. add deionised water to dissolve it. Shake thoroughly to ensure all lead nitrate has dissolved. in a separate test tube repeat with 1 spatula of magnesium sulfate
  • tip the 2 solutions into small beaker and give stir to make sure its all mixed. lead sulfate should precipitate out
    -put folded piece of filter paper into filter funnel then stick into conical flask
  • pour out contents of beaker into middle of filter paper
  • swill out beaker with deionised water and tip into filter paper to make sure you get all the precipitate from beaker
  • rinse contents of filter paper with deionised water so all magnesium nitrate is washed away
    -scrape lead sulfate onto fresh filter paper and leave to dry in an oven
18
Q

explain how to make a soluble salt (6 marks)

A
  • heat acid in water bath in a fume cupboard
  • add base to acid which will then react and produce a soluble salt and water
  • filter off excess solid to get a solution containing only salt and water
  • heat solution gently using bunsen burner to evaporate off some of the water
  • leave solution to cool an allow the salt to crystallise
  • filter off solid salt and leave to dry
19
Q

what flame does lithium burn with

A

red

20
Q

what flame does sodium burn with

A

yellow

21
Q

what flame does potassium burn with

A

lilac

22
Q

what flame does calcium burn with

A

orange-red

23
Q

what flame does copper burn with

A

blue-green

24
Q

explain how to carry out a flame test

A
  • need a clean platinum wire loop to dip in dilute HCl and then hold it in a flame.
  • once it is burnt without any colour dip into sample you want to test then put back in the blue part of the flame
25
Q

Cu2+ precipitate colour

A

blue

26
Q

Fe2+ precipitate colour

A

sludgy green

27
Q

Fe3+ precipitate colour

A

reddish brown

28
Q

explain how you can test for ammonia gas

A

damp piece of red litmus paper
if its present the paper will turn blue

29
Q

how does phenolphthalein’s colour change from acidic to alkaline solutions?

A

colourless to bright pink

30
Q

define an acid

A

source of hydrogen ions
proton doors
pH of less than 7

31
Q

define a base

A

substance that can neutralise an acid
proton acceptors

32
Q

define an alkali

A

source of hydroxide ions
pH greater than 7

33
Q

what is the reaction between an acid and a base (or alkali) called?

A

neutralisation

chemistry (10 decks)

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