inorganic chemistry Flashcards
list 2 ways to prevent rusting
painting/coating with plastic
oiling/greasing
bromines state at room temp.
red-brown liquid
gives off orange vapour
chlorines state at room temp.
poisonous green gas
iodines state when heated
dark grey crystalline solid
gives off purple vapour
define a displacement reaction
where a more reactive element pushes out a less reactive element from a compound
oxidising agent function
accepts electrons and gets reduced
reducing agent function
donates electrons and gets oxidised
what is magnesiums state and what does it form when burnt in air and reacts with oxygen
bright white flame
white powder formed (magnesium oxide)
what is hydrogens state and what does it form when burnt in air and reacts with oxygen
can be explosive
pale blue flame
produces water vapour
what is sulfurs state and what does it form when burnt in air and reacts with oxygen
pale blue flame
produces sulfur dioxide
are common salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium soluble or insoluble?
soluble
are nitrates soluble or insoluble?
soluble
are common chlorides soluble or insoluble?
soluble except silver chloride and lead chloride
are common sulfates soluble or insoluble?
soluble except for lead, barium and calcium sulfate
are common carbonates soluble or insoluble?
insoluble except for sodium potassium and ammonium
are common hydroxides soluble or insoluble?
insoluble except for sodium potassium and calcium
how to make lead sulphate (7 marks)
- add 1 spatula of lead nitrate to test tube. add deionised water to dissolve it. Shake thoroughly to ensure all lead nitrate has dissolved. in a separate test tube repeat with 1 spatula of magnesium sulfate
- tip the 2 solutions into small beaker and give stir to make sure its all mixed. lead sulfate should precipitate out
-put folded piece of filter paper into filter funnel then stick into conical flask - pour out contents of beaker into middle of filter paper
- swill out beaker with deionised water and tip into filter paper to make sure you get all the precipitate from beaker
- rinse contents of filter paper with deionised water so all magnesium nitrate is washed away
-scrape lead sulfate onto fresh filter paper and leave to dry in an oven
explain how to make a soluble salt (6 marks)
- heat acid in water bath in a fume cupboard
- add base to acid which will then react and produce a soluble salt and water
- filter off excess solid to get a solution containing only salt and water
- heat solution gently using bunsen burner to evaporate off some of the water
- leave solution to cool an allow the salt to crystallise
- filter off solid salt and leave to dry
what flame does lithium burn with
red
what flame does sodium burn with
yellow
what flame does potassium burn with
lilac
what flame does calcium burn with
orange-red
what flame does copper burn with
blue-green
explain how to carry out a flame test
- need a clean platinum wire loop to dip in dilute HCl and then hold it in a flame.
- once it is burnt without any colour dip into sample you want to test then put back in the blue part of the flame
