Inner Speech Flashcards
What are the 3 theories of inner speech?
- Speech with attenuated articulation (Watson, 1913)
- Internalised speech by complex transformation (Vygotsky, 1934/1987)
- Part of the phonological loop and phonological store in working memory (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974)
What are the methodological considerations?
- Intrinsically difficult to study
- Questionnaires - lack of validity and reliability
- Experience Sampling - offline measure
- Phonological Judgements - not naturalistic
- Instructed Imagery - different from spontaneous inner speech
What are the 2 phonological judgements within speech production?
- Rhyme Judgements
- Metrical stress judgements
What are the 2 forms of imagined speaking in speech production?
- Imagining saying a sentence
- Imagining speaking in the mind
What are rhyme judgements?
Jeans, greens & grain, brane - do they rhyme?
Deciding if something rhymes - requires phonological activation –> “inner speech”
What is string matching?
zxstkl, zxstkl (yes) & zxstki, zxstkl (no)
- Does not require phonological activation
Why are the speech production ares engaged by imagining talking to oneself?
If you see a written word (e.g., ball) and a picture, you silently explain the definition of the presented word, beginning with “this is something…”
What is corollary discharge?
Refers to a copy of a neuronal command for movement sent to other brain regions to inform them of the impending movement
How can you observe/capture corollary discharge?
- Your own voice sounds different from a recording - the sound you produce is attenuated by your own inner speech when you hear it
- You notice when you make a speech error - the sound you produce is checked against an internal prediction to check it is produced correctly
What happens to the N100 response when two matching sounds play at the same time?
The corollary discharge cancels out the matching sound when they both take place at the same time
- Corollary discharge is time-sensitive
What are 4 limitation of the corollary discharge model?
- Can explain inner speech in one’s own voice but not in other people’s voices
- Incompatible with the observation that inner speech is faster than overt speech
- Can explain deliberate inner speech, but not spontaneous inner speech
- Restricts investigations to internal monologue, which is incompatible with the dialogic variety of inner speech reported
Give an example of task-elicited inner speech:
- Visual prompt (to say “elephant”)
- Imagine saying the word
Give an example of spontaneous inner speech:
- Instructed to just relax, wear a random beeper
- When it beeps, write down mental activity immediately on a clipboard on the lap
- 36 beeps in total
- This is called Descriptive Experience Sampling.
What is spontaneous inner speech driven by?
Activity in the auditory perceptual system - not corollary discharge
Does the Temporal Voice Areas (TVAs) activate more when silently reading direct or indirect quotes?
Direct Quotes - more vivid auditory representations (i.e., inner speech)
