Innate to Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Define: Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR)

Answer 1

Receptor present on the surface or inner membranes of most cells in the body.

Question 2

Define: Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)

Answer 2

Molecular motif that is expressed by foreign molecules

Question 3

Define: Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)

Answer 3

Type of PRR, recognizes a foreign molecular structure not present in humans (10 TLRs in total)

Question 4

Define: Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP)

Answer 4

Stress or damage indicators expressed by cells in the body.

Question 5

Common foreign patterns recognized by TLRs

Answer 5

Lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), Peptidoglycan (TLR2), Double Stranded RNA (TLR3)

Question 6

Identify the transcription factor most commonly activated in inflammation.

Answer 6

NF-KB (NF-kappa B)

Question 7

Define: Cytokine

Answer 7

Inflammatory factors that activates other cells in the inflammatory response

Question 8

Define: Chemokine

Answer 8

Inflammatory factor that attracts other cells to the site of infection.

Question 9

Describe the function of the innate immune response.

Answer 9

Detects cellular and molecular changes in the body– specifically “intruders” that have ventured to deep into the body, and arrange for their destruction, inactivation, and removal.

Question 10

Cell that forms a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 10

Dendritic Cell

Question 11

Role T Cells play in immunity

Answer 11

T Cells survey the surfaces of the body’s cells, looking for parasites or dangerously mutated cells. A DC presents the antigens that are recognized by the surface receptors of the T Cell. This causes the T cell to become activated and it proliferates; the daughter cells travel throughout the body until they reach the places where the antigen has invaded.

Once they have arrived to the site of infection, the release lymphokines which create an inflammatory response by attracting and activating monocytes and macrophages.

Question 12

The role B cells play in immunity

Answer 12

B cells protect the extracellular spaces of the body by releasing antibodies into these fluids. They recognize antigens via their surface receptors, causing them to activate and porliferate. They then release antibodies that phagocytose and destroy foreign materials.

Question 13

Functions of antibodies

Answer 13

Antibodies bind to the corresponding antigen

Question 14

Examples of immunopathology

Answer 14

Type I, Type II, TypeIII, Type IV, AIDS