Innate Immunity

Question 1

Primary Immune defficiency

Answer 1

Result of a genetic defect

Question 2

Secondary Immune defficiency

Answer 2

Result of disease, infection, environment

Question 3

Resident cells in pheripheral tissue and their main function

Answer 3

resident macrophage and mast cells - sense danger and responces lead to inflammation. Recruit effector cells

Question 4

Effector cells recruited to infection

Answer 4

Granulocytes (mostly neutrophils), monocytes, dendritic cell.

Question 5

primary lymphoid tissues

Answer 5

bone marrow and thymus

Question 6

Resident macrophages, structure and function

Answer 6

embryonic origin, self replicating. many PRR (scavenger receptors) which trigger cell adhesion, intracellular signalling.

Question 7

scavenger receptor A6 (MARCO, CD23). expressed by? and recognises?

Answer 7

expressed by macrophages and follicular B cells and recognises bacteria LPS

Question 8

Resident mast cells location and receptor expression.

Answer 8

embryonically derived and self replicating.
located in barrier tissues (skin, epithelia) connective tissue and fat.
express few PRR

Question 9

TLR 5 recognises

Answer 9

Flagellin

Question 10

TLR 4 recognises

Answer 10

LPS

Question 11

TLR 9 recognises

Answer 11

CpG, it is on the endosome

Question 12

TLR 7 recognises

Answer 12

ssRNA

Question 13

TLR 3 recognises

Answer 13

ds RNA

Question 14

TLR 2 and 1 dimer recognises

Answer 14

triacyl lipopeptide

Question 15

TLR 2 and 6 dimer recognises

Answer 15

Diacyl lipopeptide

Question 16

C-type lectin receptors recognise

Answer 16

carbohydrates on bacteria and yeast cells (also senescent cells)

Question 17

complement receptor recognises

Answer 17

fragments of complement on pathogens

Question 17

complement receptor recognises

Answer 17

fragments of complement on pathogens

Question 18

endocytosis

Answer 18

uptake by cells

Question 19

phagocytosis

Answer 19

uptake of small particals such as bacteria

Question 20

adaptor protein of all TLRs except TLR3

Answer 20

MyD88

Question 21

TLR activation leads to? transcription factor and cytokines?

Answer 21

NFkappab, type 1 inferons, inflammatory cytokines,

Question 22

Inflammatory cytokines

Answer 22

IL-6- T,B cell growth, acute phase protein production.
IL-1a/b fever, T cell activation, macrophage activation
TNFa-inflammation and endothelial activation. necrosis and appoptosis

Question 23

MyD88 defficiency

Answer 23

frequent severe pyogenic bacteria infection. e.g strep

normal fungi, viral responce

Question 24

Initiation of inflamation

Answer 24

endothelial cell wall increased permeability for complement, antibody, c-reactive protein. production of cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators.

Question 25

systemic effects of inflammatory cytokines

Answer 25

liver- acute phase protein production, activation of complement. BM endothelium - neutrophil mobilization. hypothalumus, fat/muscle- increased. temp. decreased viral bacterial replication, increased antigen processing.

Question 26

Transendothelial migration

Answer 26

rolling - teathered loosly by l-selectin to CD15. triggering - cell flatterns when signalled by chemokines via gpcr migration - transverse through endothelium, mediated by adhesion molecule CD31

Question 27

LAD1

Answer 27

CD18 defect. no neutrophil extravasion.

Question 28

Th1 cytokine

Answer 28

IFN-gamma

Question 29

Th2 cytokines

Answer 29

IL-3, IL-4, il-5, il-13

Question 30

IL-10 function

Answer 30

immunoregulation, matrix deposition and tissue remoddling

Question 31

types of anti-microbial peptides

Answer 31

defensins, cathelicidins, and histatins

Question 32

What cells secrete REGIIIgamma, and what is its function?

Answer 32

paneth cells in the gut secrete REGIIIgamma,