Innate Immunity 1 Flashcards
What is innate immunity?
Innate immunity is the first line of NON-SPECIFIC defence
What are the 5 disease causing agents?
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Helminths (worms)
What is the innate immune response?
- First line of defence
- Non specific
- Born with it/present from birth
- Involved by recruiting immune cells to site of infection
What are the 3 components of innate immunity?
1) Epithelium - physical barrier
2) Innate cells subsets;
a. Phagocytic cells
b. Antigen-presenting cells
3) Chemokines/Cytokines
What are the function of Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)?
Help destroy pathogens and inform the immune system to respond
What are Immunoglobulins and whats their function?
They are antibodies. They bind to microbes antigens allowing the immune system to recognise the threat
What is lactoferrin?
Has antimicrobial activity and transports iron ions
What are cystatins?
anti-protease activity, supports mineralisation of teeth
Proteolytic - breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides/amino acids
What are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
TLRs are on the surface of antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages) which recognise viruses and bacteria
TLR2 & TLR4 - shown to increase in gingival tissue for patients with perio
What are Dectin and Glucan receptors?
Involved in Fungal recognition
what are NOD-like receptors?
bacterial recognition
What are the main roles of receptors such as TLR, Dectin, Glucan, NOD-like
Promote phagocytosis of microbes, promote activation of immune cells
What are cytokines?
- Small proteins
- Cytokines instruct IMMUNE CELLS in ‘what to do’
What is a chemokine?
A specific type of cytokine which attracts cells to the site of infection/inflammation. ‘tell cells where to go’
