Innate immune response

Question 1

interferons

Answer 1

a group of cytokines released by infected cells that act as warning signals to nearby cells so they can prepare `

Question 2

dendritic cells

Answer 2

carry fragements of pathogens to the lymph nodes to present them to cells of the specific immune response

Question 3

degranulation

Answer 3

the release of anti-microbial and toxic materials from the natural killer cells

Question 4

steps of phagocytosis

Answer 4

recognition of pathogens, engulfment of pathogen into a phagosome, digestion/destruction of pathogen, undigested ‘leftovers’ exocytosed`

Question 5

neutrophils

Answer 5

remove microbes by phagocytosis

Question 6

macrophages

Answer 6

remove pathogens, dead cells, and cell debris

Question 7

eosinophils

Answer 7

assist in defending against larger parasitic agents that are too large to be engulfed by phagocytosis. Attack using toxic chemicals released from cystoplasmic granules`

Question 8

natural killer cells

Answer 8

klls virus infected cells through apoptosis killing the cell and the virus it contains. This prevents the spread of the virus to any cells

Question 9

complement proteins

Answer 9

proteins that lyse the cell wall of an antigen

Question 10

Inflammatory response

Answer 10

a short term response, area becomes hot, red, and swollen. Mast cells alert the immune system that something is wrong and release histamines which causes vasodilation

Question 11

cellular stage

Answer 11

neutrophils leave the bloodstream and attract macrophages as they go, phagocytosis of pathogens occurs, leading to an abscess forming made of dead phagocytes and skin cells

Question 12

vasodilation

Answer 12

the dilation of blood cells