innate gang

Question 1

pathogen

Answer 1

Definition: A microorganism (e.g., virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite) that causes disease.

Examples: Influenza virus, E. coli bacteria.

Question 2

infected cell

Answer 2

Definition: A cell that has been invaded by a pathogen.

Role in Immunity: Often marked for destruction to prevent the spread of infection.

Question 3

Neutrophil

Answer 3

Definition: A type of white blood cell and first responder to infection.

Function: Engulfs and destroys pathogens, especially bacteria.

Question 4

Macrophage

Answer 4

Definition: A large white blood cell involved in both detecting and digesting pathogens.

Function: Engulfs pathogens and dead cells, releases signaling molecules to alert other immune cells.

Question 5

Pyrogens

Answer 5

Definition :Substances that induce fever by affecting the hypothalamus in the brain.

Function: Raises body temperature to create a less favorable environment for pathogens.

Question 6

Chemokines

Answer 6

Definition: A type of cytokine that directs immune cells to the site of infection.

Function: Acts as a chemical “beacon” guiding immune cells where they are needed.

Question 7

Histamine

Answer 7

Definition: A compound released by immune cells (like mast cells) during an allergic or inflammatory response.

Function: Increases blood flow and permeability, allowing immune cells to access infected tissue.

Question 8

Prostaglandin

Answer 8

Definition: A group of lipid compounds involved in inflammation and pain response.

Function: Increases blood flow, triggers pain, and promotes healing at infection sites.

Question 9

Mast Cell

Answer 9

Definition: A type of immune cell that releases chemicals like histamine in response to pathogens.

Role in Immunity: Triggers inflammation, especially in allergic reactions.

Question 10

Basophil

Answer 10

Definition: A white blood cell involved in allergic responses and inflammation.

Function: Releases histamine and other chemicals, similar to mast cells, to fight off invaders.