Innate and Acquired Immunity: pgs 1-4

Question 1

________ immunity is a general, static defense system used against all microorganisms.

Answer 1

Innate

Question 2

What are the different physical barriers?

Answer 2

• Skin
• Mucous membranes
• Tears
• Ciliary escalator

Question 3

T/F - The tough horny layer of the skin is held together by keratin causing “waterproofing” of the skin so it in an impenetrable barrier.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

How does the mucous membrane act as a physical barrier?

Answer 4

It traps microbes and either kills them or transports them out of the area. Mucous membranes are about 80% as effective as skin in preventing microbial invasion

Question 5

_______ have a flushing effect, thus keeping many microbes from colonizing the eye.

Answer 5

Tears

Question 6

How does the ciliary escalator act as a physical barrier?

Answer 6

It traps most microbes in its mucous and then the cilia transports the mucus out of the respiratory tract to the esophagus where it is swallowed and killed in the acidic stomach. Smoking and drugs inhibit ciliary action, causing more respiratory infections.

Question 7

What are some of the chemical factors that help protect the human body?

Answer 7

• Components of skin (sebum, sweat, etc)
• Stomach’s low pH
• Saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, semen, liver and pancreas secretions are all high pH
• Blood
• Normal Flora
• Phagocytosis by immune system

Question 8

_________ is an enzyme which destroys the cell walls of gram+ bacteria.

Answer 8

Lysozyme

Question 9

_______ and _______ both contain components that inhibit microbial growth. Both are produced by the skin.

Answer 9

Sebum (oil) and sweat

Question 10

What is the most important factor that is in the blood that makes the blood bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 10

Complement

Question 11

Why is normal flora actually good for our bodies?

Answer 11

• Harmless to our bodies
• Take up space and use resources that would otherwise be used by more harmful microbes
• Some actually release byproducts that are harmful to pathogens

Question 12

_______________ are cells which ingest microbes.

Answer 12

Phagocyte

Question 13

Most leukocytes in circulation are ________.

Answer 13

PMNs

Question 14

T/F - Phagocytosis can be either specific or non-specific.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are the 3 lines of defense in order?

Answer 15

1) Skin and mucosa
2) Blood and Non-specific phagocytes
3) Acquired immunity (aka: Specific phagocytes)