Innate/Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Innate Immunity
includes a variety of mechanisms that can prevent infection or eliminate pathogen
_____ immunity is present in all individuals at all times
Innate immunity
_____ immunity has earliest response to infection/ Minutes/hours
Innate immunity
_____ immunity recognizes groups of similar pathogens (not “antigen-specific”)
Innate immunity
____ immunity does not increase with repeated exposure to a pathogen (no “memory”)
Innate immunity
Examples of Innate Immunity
Mechanical barriers
Biologically active substances
Cellular
C-Reactive Proteins
Biologically active substance that is used to measure infection
mononuclear phagocytic cells that are present in most tissues
Macrophages
____ are derived from monocytes
macrophages
enter infected tissues to engulf and kill extracellular pathogens, especially bacteria
Neutrophils
also known as: polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)
Neutrophils
function is to kill parasites that are too large to be ingested by phagocytes
Eosinophils
Involved in allergic responses
Eosinophils
Found in connective tissues throughout the body. They are involved in responses to parasites (especially helminths) and in allergic responses.
Mast cells
Found in the blood and are thought to have a similar function as mast cells
Basophils
Can detect and kill your own cells if they develop tumor of become infected
Natural Killer Cells
Found in tissues and function to
detect infection and elicit an innate response
Dendritic cells
Cells of the innate immune system have receptors for pathogens called
pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
microbial product recognized by a PRR is called
pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP).
A pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram negative bacteria
TLR-4
ADAPTIVE (ACQUIRED) IMMUNITY
Are host defenses mediated by the clonal expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).
____ immunity requires sensitization by antigen (Ag)
adaptive immunity
____ immunity develops over days/weeks
adaptive immunity
____ immunity has antigen-specific response
adaptive immunity
____ immunity results in immunological memory
adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity can be classified as ____ immunity or _____ immunity
Adaptive immunity can be classified as humoral immunity or cell-mediated immunity
______ immunity is mediated by antigen-specific antibodies (Ab) produced by activated B cells (plasma cells)
Humoral immunity is mediated by antigen-specific antibodies (Ab) produced by activated B cells (plasma cells)
In humoral immunity, antibodies can be transferred to _____ recipients by ______.
In humoral immunity, antibodies can be transferred to non-immune (naïve) recipients by immune serum (antiserum).
_______ immunity are adaptive immune responses primarily involving antigen-specific T lymphocytes (T cells).
Cell-mediated Immunity (CMI) are adaptive immune responses primarily involving antigen-specific T lymphocytes (T cells).
______ immunity can be transferred to naïve recipients by T cells, but not by immune serum.
Cell-mediated immunity can be transferred to naïve recipients by T cells, but not by immune serum.
Proliferation and differentiation to produce effector cells and memory cells (both T and B cells)
Clonal Selection
Clonal selection process (sequence)
Antigen-recognition->proliferation->Clone of memory cells +clone of plasma cells
POLYCLONAL antibodies responses
Many clones of B-cells will be able to recognize a specific shape in the antigen
Epitope
Specific shape in the antigen recognized by antibodies
Primary Lymphoid organs
Bone Marrow (involved in B-cell development) Thymus (Involved in T-cell development)
Secondary Lymphoid Organs (5)
Are “bags of immune cells” and include:
Adenoid Tonsil Lymph nodes Spleen Peyer's Patches
Antibody (Immunoglobulin) Structure is composed of:
Two heavy chains (H-chains) and two light chains (L-chains)
Disulfide bond link between antibody heavy chains is called ___
hinge
Digestion of antibody (aka Ig) with low concentration of ______ cleaves exposed hinge region and produces ____ and ____ fragments
Digestion of antibody (aka Ig) with low concentration of proteolytic enzyme papain cleaves exposed hinge region and produces Fab and Fc fragments
Each Fab fragment contains one _____
Each Fab fragment contains one antigen binding site
First ~100 units of variable and light chains are highly ____ between antibodies
variable
Variable region for the heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL)
N terminus
Contant region of antibody
C terminus
