HLA Genes/ Functions Flashcards
When foreign antigens enter the body they attach to ____
Dendritic cells
Dendritic cells are ____ cells
Antigen presenting cells
Dendritic cells take antigens into themselves and present them to _____
T cells
The important antigen presenting cells (APC) are (3)
1) Dendritic cells
2) Macrophages/monocytes
3) B-lymphocytes
Toll like receptors recognize _______
Toll like receptors recognize PAMS (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patters)
Upon activation of Toll-like receptors, there is _____ production, which releases the cytokines ____ and _____. Also recruits other cytokines like chemokynes, IFN alpha and IFN beta, Il-6 to activate the bone marrow, and IL-12 to activate TH1 cells and NK cells
Upon activation of Toll-like receptors, there is cytokine production, which releases the cytokines IL-1 and TNF. Also recruits other cytokines like chemokynes, IFN alpha and IFN beta, Il-6 to activate the bone marrow, and IL-12 to activate TH1 cells and NK cells
Functions of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF (3)
1) Increased adhesiveness of endothelial cells
2) Activation of the liver to release acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP).
3) Effect on the hypothalamus producing fever, depression and anorexia (“Sickness cytokines”)
Measurement of CRP is a good indicator of level of _____
Measurement of CRP is a good indicator of level of activity disease
IL1, IL6 and TNF cytokines activate ____ (organ) to release chemicals that recall ______
IL1, IL6 and TNF cytokines activate liver to release chemicals that recall acute phase proteins
Cytokines that attract cells to a site
Chemokines
Antiviral cytokines
IFN-alpha, IFN-beta
Cytokine that activates the bone barrow and causes increase white cell count
IL-6
Antigen presenting cells move to drain ____ and interact with _____
Antigen presenting cells more to drain lymph nodes and interact with T-cells
Cytokine that helps with the interaction of APC with T cells
IL-12
T-cells will only recognize antigens when they are presented inside ____
T-cells will only recognize antigens when they are presented inside MHCII molecules
APC doesn’t eat antigen, but instead ____
APC doesn’t eat antigen, but instead chops it up and puts it in MHC molecules (MHCII)
The MHC is an area on the ____ arm of the _____ human chromosome
The MHC is an area on the short arm of the 6th human chromosome
MHC is also called _____
HLA complex
The three genes of MHCI are ____, ____, ____
The three genes of MHCI are A, B, C
The three genes of MHCII are ____, ____, ____
The three genes of MHCII are DP, DQ, DR
Genes of the MHCII have a ___ and ___ subunit
Genes of the MHCII have a alpha and beta subunit
MHC genes are the most _____ genes known in biology
MHC genes are the most polymorphic genes known in biology
You inherit one MHC ____ from ____, and one MHC ____ from ____. These are called ____
You inherit one MHC gene from father, and one MHC gene from mother. These are called haplotypes
Many haplotypes are _____ derived
Many haplotypes are ethnically derived
HLA Class I alleles (#)
13,680
HLA Class II alleles (#)
5,091
MHC (HLA) proteins are the antigens on tissues that are recognized by a ____ immune response after a ____ procedure and causing ____ ____
MHC (HLA) proteins are the antigens on tissues that are recognized by a recipient’s immune response after a transplant procedure and causing transplant rejection
____ molecules are found in all body tissues except ____
MHCI molecules are found in all body tissues except red blood cells
Molecule that is constant in all MHCI molecules
B-microglobulin
MHC Class II molecules are only found in ____
MHC Class II molecules are only found in antigen presenting cells
Both MHC Class I and MHC Class II have a _____ binding cleft
Both MHC Class I and MHC Class II have a peptide binding cleft
Peptide binding cleft of MHCI is produced by polymorphic ___ ____
Peptide binding cleft of MHCI is produced by polymorphic alpha chain
Ankylosing Spondylitis is associated by ___
Anyloding Spondylities is associated by HLA B27
Ankylosing Spondylitis causes _____
Ankylosing Spondylitis causes vertebrae spines to fuse together
Narcolepsy is associated with____ and _____ (haplotypes)
Narcolepsy is associated with DR2 and DQ1
Type 1 Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) is associated with ____ and ____
Type 1 Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) is associated with DR3 and DR4
Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with _____
Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with HLA DR4
