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Immunology Homemade > Ab Structure & Genetics > Flashcards

Ab Structure & Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Antibody producing cells

A

Plasma cells (type of B-cells)

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2
Q

COVID B and T cells seem to produce _____

A

immunologic memory

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3
Q

Antibody (Ab) can also be called

A

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

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4
Q

Part of antibody that binds antigen

A

Fab

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5
Q

Hypervariable region is called

A

complimentary determining region (CDR)

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6
Q

Classes of Immunoglobulins (Isotypes)

A 
IgG                
IgA                
IgM               
IgE                
IgD

GAMED

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7
Q

What makes each class of Ig isotope different

A

Different Fc (constant) region

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8
Q

There are ___ different versions of IgG

A

four

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9
Q

There are __ different versions of IgA

A

two

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10
Q

We have a total of ___ Ig Isotypes

A

nine

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11
Q

A particular antibody will have ____ of the nine possible heavy-chain constant regions.

A

A particular antibody will have one of the nine possible heavy-chain constant regions.

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12
Q

The light chains associated with an antibody will be either ______ light chains or ______ light chains

A

The light chains associated with an antibody will be either kappa (k) light chains or lambda (l) light chains.

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13
Q

_____ is always secreted as a pentamer

A

IgM is always secreted as a pentamer

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14
Q

IgA producing plasma cells make either _____ ____ (antibody) or _____ ____ (antibody)

A

IgA producing plasma cells make either monomeric IgA or dimeric IgA

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15
Q

Polymeric Abs have a single _____ protein bound to the

A

Polymeric Abs have a single J-chain protein bound to the

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16
Q

All B cells have an antigen-specific receptor consisting of a ________ (two H-chains and two L- chains) plus a heterodimer of ______ and ______.

A

All B cells have an antigen-specific receptor consisting of a monomeric Ig molecule (two H-chains and two L- chains) plus a heterodimer of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta.

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17
Q

In B cell membrane ____ and ____ functions to deliver signals to the cell (signal transduction)

A

In B cell membrane Ig-alpha and Ig-beta functions to deliver signals to the cell (signal transduction)

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18
Q

B cells that have never been activated by antigen

A

Naïve B cells

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19
Q

B-cell receptor in Naive B cells has both ____ and ____

A

B-cell receptor in Naive B cells are IgM and IgD

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20
Q

B-cell receptor in memory B-cell are ___ or ___ or ___

A

B-cell receptor in memory B-cell are IgG or IgA or IgE

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21
Q

Antibody Effector Function

A

How an antibody helps eliminate a particular pathogen

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22
Q

Agglutination

A

Clumps antigens which makes them more readily removed by phagocytes

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23
Q

Neutralization of virus or toxin by Ab

A

When an antibody prevents a virus or toxin from entering a cell

24
Q

Antibodies from COVID vaccine seem to produce ____ (effect) antibodies

A

Neutralizing

25
Q

Inhibition of Bacterial adhesion

A

When antibodies prevent Bacteria from binding

26
Q

Opsonization

A

Ability of antibodies to facilitate and enhance process of phagocytosis

27
Q

Best antibody for agglutination

A

IgM

28
Q

Activation of macrophage (opsonization) occurs via cross-linking of ____ (opsonin) and ____ (receptor)

A

Opsonization occurs via IgG and FcgR (receptor)

29
Q

Phagocytosis of tumor cell

A

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP)

30
Q

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) implies phagocyte recognition of _____ specific for tumor antigens

A

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) implies phagocyte recognition of IgG specific for tumor the antigens

31
Q

Nature killer (NK) cells express ____ receptors for_____

A

Nature killer (NK) cells express Fc-receptors for IgG (FcgR)

32
Q

NK cells destroy some virus-infected or tumor cells by _____.

A

NK cells destroy some virus-infected or tumor cells by inducing apoptosis.

33
Q

Mast cell is highly specific for antibody _____

A

Mast cell is highly specific for antibody IgE

34
Q

Why is IgE-Fc cross-linking in Mast cells different?

A

IgE binds to mast cell before binding to antigen

35
Q

How does mast cell granule release get activated?

A

If at least 2 antibodies in mast cell come into contact with antigen, mast cell will release granule

36
Q

Resting mast cell contains granules containing ____ and other ____

A

Resting mast cell contains granules containing histamine and other inflammatory mediators

37
Q

The inflammatory response resulting from mast cell degranulation functions in _________.

A

The inflammatory response resulting from mast cell degranulation functions in immunity to worms.

38
Q

Mast cell degranulation is also a key element in ______

A

Mast cell degranulation is also a key element in allergic reactions

39
Q

Antibody functions (8)

A
  1. Ag-specific receptor
  2. Agglutination
  3. Neutralization
  4. Complement activation
  5. Opsonization
  6. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP)
  7. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
  8. Mast cell activation
40
Q

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

A

Leads NK cells to recognize a target cell and induce apoptosis

41
Q

Fc receptor antigenic antibody functions (4)

A
  1. Opsonization
  2. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP)
  3. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
  4. Mast cell activation
42
Q

Antibodies contained in all tissues of the body

A
  1. Monomeric IgA

2. IgG

43
Q

Found primarily in Heart and Bloodstream

A
  1. Monomeric IgA
  2. IgG
  3. IgM
44
Q

Found in high concentration in mucosal secretions (saliva, tears, etc.)

A

Dimeric IgA

45
Q

Found beneath epithelial and cell mucosal surfaces (where mast cells live)

A

IgE

46
Q

Ab transported to baby while in the placenta

A

IgG

47
Q

Ab transmitted to baby through lactation

A

IgA

48
Q

At birth an infant has adult levels of _____ (antibody)

A

IgG

49
Q

The half life of IgG is about ____

A

4 weeks

50
Q

The infant will have protection via maternal Abs for _____

A

a few months

51
Q

Receptor that recognizes a dimeric IgA and transports it across epithelial cells and releases it to the lumen

A

poly-Ig receptor

52
Q

Secretory IgA

A

IgA that has a remnant from poly-Ig receptor

53
Q

IgA and Poly-Ig receptor bond is a ____ bond that must be cut by a/an ____

A

IgA and Poly-Ig receptor bond is a covalent bond that must be cut by a/an enzyme

54
Q

Common mucosal immune system

A

Concept that immune responses that occur at one mucosal site result in IgA secreting cells migrating, via the lymphatics and blood, to distant mucosal sites.

55
Q

Fragment variable (FV)

A

Variable and contains VH and VL. Also includes a binding site for antigen

56
Q

You can link VH and VL via a polypeptide linkage in a lab and form a _____

A

You can link WH and VL via a polypeptide linkage in a lab and form a single chain FV (scFV)

57
Q

Immunotoxin

A

You can put a toxin on scFV, so when it recognizes a tumor antigen it kills the cancer cell

Immunology Homemade (7 decks)

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