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JM A Level PE > Injury & Rehabilitation > Flashcards

Injury & Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term acute injury?

A

An injury that occurs at a specific, sudden moment of time

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2
Q

What is meant by the term chronic injury?

A

An injury that occurs over a longer period of time

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3
Q

What is a soft tissue injury?

A

Damage or injury to soft tissues such as tendons, ligaments, muscle (strains and sprains)

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4
Q

What is a hard tissue injury?

A

Damage to bones and cartilage

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5
Q

What is a fracture?

A

A complete or partial break in a bone due to excessive force

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6
Q

What is a compound (open) fracture?

A

The bone breaks the skin

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7
Q

What is a simple (closed) fracture?

A

The bone does not break the skin

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8
Q

Name 5 specific types of bone fracture…

A

Normal, transverse, oblique, spiral, greenstick, comminuted, segmental, avulsed, impacted, torus, linear.

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9
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

ACUTE, HARD - When one bone becomes displaced from another.

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10
Q

What is a sublaxation?

A

ACUTE, HARD - An incomplete or partial dislocation.

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11
Q

What is a contusion?

A

ACUTE, SOFT - Another name for a bruise where the blood vessels have ruptured.

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12
Q

What is a haemotoma?

A

SOFT - The damaged tissue from a contusion leads to localised bleeding.

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13
Q

What is a sprain?

A

SOFT - Overstretch, pull or tear to the joint ligaments

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14
Q

What is a strain?

A

SOFT - Overstretch, pull or tear of the muscle fibres

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15
Q

What is an abrasion?

A

Superficial damage to the skin

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16
Q

What is a blister?

A

Seperation of the layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms

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17
Q

What is a concussion?

A

Traumatic brain injury resulting in disturbance in brain function.

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of concussion?

A

Nausea, memory loss, confusion, loss of consciousness, fear, headache, dizziness.

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19
Q

What physically happens to the brain during concussion?

A

It absorbs significant physical contact from the cranium or ricochets of one side of the cranium to the other.

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20
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

CHRONIC - A degenerative joint condition
where the cartilage between the
bone ends wears away.

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21
Q

What is a stress fracture?

A

A tiny crack in the bone which can become worse over time or with repeated use.

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22
Q

What is shin splints?

A

CHRONIC - Chronic shin pain at the tibialis anterior where the periosteum (surrounding membrane) and tendons become inflamed due to excessive load/use.

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23
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

CHRONIC - Deterioration of the tendon’s tissue (collagen)

24
Q

What is an intrinsic risk factor?

A

Forces from within the body which contribute to injury.

25
Q

What is an extrinsic risk factor?

A

Forces from outside the body which contribute to injury.

26
Q

Identify 7 intrinsic risk factors.

A 
Physical make-up
Previous injury
Physical fitness
Posture/ alignment
Poor nutrition
Age
Flexibility
27
Q

Identify 5 extrinsic risk factors.

A 
Poor biomechanical training
Poor technique
Incorrect equipment or clothing
Inappropriate load
Lack of variance in training
28
Q

Identify 4 aims of a warm-up.

A

Raise body temperature
Prepare athlete physically
Prepare athlete mentally
Reduce risk of injury

29
Q

How long should a warm-up last?

A

20-45 minutes

30
Q

What are the three phases of a warm-up?

A

HR-raising activity
Stretching and mobility section
Sports specific exercises or skill element

31
Q

What are the CV & Respiratory benefits of a heart-raising activity?

A

Increased Temperature and blood flow
Increased HR, Q and SV
Increased Breathing rate
Increased O2 delivery to muscles

32
Q

What are the muscular benefits of dynamic stretches/mobilising joints during a warm-up?

A

Lubricate and mobilise joints
Increase elasticity of connective tissues
Increased elasticity of muscle fibres
Improved co-ordination of antagonistic muscle pairs

33
Q

What are the neural benefits of a warm-up?

A

Activates neural pathways

Rehearse/practice movement patterns

34
Q

What is the purpose of a cool down?

A 
Maintain HR
Maintain metabolic activity
Flush muscle tissue with oxygenated blood
Remove waste products
Start the healing process
35
Q

How long should a cool down last?

A

20-30 minutes

36
Q

What are the two main phases of a cool down?

A

Moderate intensity activity & static stretches

37
Q

What are the benefits of a cool down?

A

Aids venous return mechanism
Help remove waste products
Reduce muscle tension
Improve muscle relaxation

38
Q

What are stages of SALTAPS when recognising an injury?

A

S for See the injury.

A for Ask questions: Ask the injured player questions.

L for Look at injury: Look for certain injury signs such as swelling, bruising, bleeding, and deformity.

T for Touch the injured part- Very gently touch the injured area to determine severity of the injury.

A for Active movement: After assessing that it’s not a major injury; the first responder can ask the victim to gently move the injured part.

P for Passive movement: When the player shows active movement satisfactorily, a medical professional can move the body part.

S for Strength testing: The medical professional will provide resistance when the player tries to move the part.

39
Q

What is the name of the process to help identify and deal with concussion?

A

The 6 R’s

40
Q

What are the 6 R’s?

A

Recognise - Parents, players, coaches should be aware of the symptoms.

Remove - If a player has a suspected concussion they should be removed.

Refer - They should be referred to a healthcare professional.

Rest - Player must until symptom free & should not be left alone for the first 24 hours
.
Recover - Players must fully recover and be symptom free before considering a return to play. Adults must take 1 week out and u18s 2 weeks before seeking an authorised return.

Return - Players must have written authorisation & complete a ‘graduated return to play’.

41
Q

What is the PRICE process when recovery from injury?

A

Protection – protect the affected area from further injury.

Rest – avoid exercise and reduce your daily physical activity.

Ice – apply an ice pack to the affected area for 15-20 minutes every two to three hours.

Compression – use elastic compression bandages during the day to limit swelling.

Elevation – keep the injured body part raised above the level of your heart whenever possible. This may also help reduce swelling.

42
Q

What are the three phases of rehabilitation?

A

Early, mid, late.

43
Q

What is the purpose of the early rehab phase?

A

Gentle exercise to encourage damaged tissue to heal.

44
Q

What is the purpose of the mid rehab phase?

A

Progressive loading to develop strength.

45
Q

What is the purpose of the late rehab phase?

A

Functional exercises to prepare the athlete for training/competition.

46
Q

During which phases of rehab should stretching be used?

A

Mid - Gentle active and passive stretching, x4 per day.

Late - To focus on range of movement & possible PNF.

47
Q

What is massage?

A

Deep muscle therapy, which realigns connective tissues and flushes toxins from damaged area.

48
Q

Identify 8 functions of massage.

A 
Move fluid and nutrients to damaged area
Encourage healing process
Remove waste products
Stretch/de-stress tissues
Improve elasticity
Re-align damaged tissue
Break down scar tissue
Relaxation
49
Q

What is cold therapy?

A

Ice packs, cold spray, ice baths, cryotherapy to reduce tissue temperature, metabolic rate and speed of nerve impulses

Vasoconstricts vessels, reducing blood flow and inflammation, swelling and pain.

Up to 20 minutes in duration every 1-3 hours.

50
Q

What is heat therapy?

A

Use of heat to reduce tension, stiffness and pain. Vasodilates vessels to increase blood flow and promote healing.

Includes heat packs, rubs, hot towels for up to 20 minutes at a time.

51
Q

Why wouldn’t you use heat therapy immediately following injury? EARLY PHASE

A

It can encourage greater bleeding or swelling to the injured area.

52
Q

Why wouldn’t you use cold therapy immediately following injury? EARLY PHASE

A

It may reduce swelling to the injured area but it may also inhibit delivery of oxygenated blood to the area.

53
Q

What treatment should be administered immediately following injury? EARLY PHASE

A

PRICE

54
Q

What is contrast therapy and when would you use it?

A

Alternate cold, then hot therapy which increases blood flow and reduces swelling and pain. This increases O2 and nutrient delivery.

During late injury stage (after bleeding stopped)

55
Q

Name examples of non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.

A

Ibuprofen, aspirin.

56
Q

How do non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs work?

A

They reduce the inflammatory response and temperature.

Inhibit the chemical release that leads to inflammation and interferes with pain signals.

57
Q

In severe injury cases, who or what other methods may be necessary for rehabilitation?

A

Physiotherapy, GP, Surgery.

JM A Level PE (7 decks)

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