Injury Prevention Flashcards
State the 2 types of sport injury
Acute and chronic
Give the 6 signs/symptoms of an acute injury
Sudden severe pain, swelling around injured site, unable to bear weight, restricted movement, extreme weakness, protruding bone/joint visibly out of place
State the 4 types of acute injury
Fracture, dislocation, strains and sprains.
What is the difference between sprains and strain?
Strain is an over stretch or tear of the muscle fibre. Sprain is an over stretch or tear of the ligament.
Describe a dislocation
Occur at joints. Very painful. Happens when ends of bones are forced out of position. Most common in contact sports
A fracture is when a bone cracks or breaks. Give the 6 types of fracture
Greenstick, hairline, buckle, longitudinal, spiral and comminuted
Describe a chronic injury
Often known as overuse injuries. Pain when you compete, a dull ache when resting and swelling
Give the 3 types of chronic injuries.
Achilles tendonitis, stress fracture and tennis elbow.
Describe achilles tendonitis.
The achilles tendon is located at the back of the ankle. Connects gastrocnemius to calcaneus. Overload; walking, running, jumping. Tendon inflammation
What is the medical term for tennis elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis.
Describe lateral epicondylitis.
The wrist extensor muscles becomes overused, causes inflammation of the tendon which attaches at the lateral epicondyle
State the 5 injury prevention methods.
Screening, protective equipment, warm-up, flexibility training (active, passive, static, ballistic) and taping and bracing.
Athletes are screened for injuries but also health complications. What is CRY and how is it assessed?
Cardiac risk in the young. Assessed using an ECG (electrocardiogram) machine. Monitors the hearts electrical activity.
Why is having an ECG encouraged?
Due to the stress that elite sports performers put on their heart through high intensity training.
How would a screening assessment benefit a performer’s musculo-skeletal system?
Assess muscle imbalances, core strength, range of movement, postural alignment and mobility
What is the protective equipment used in squash.
Eye guards
What are the 3 stages to a warm up?
Cardiovascular exercise, stretching/flexibility and movement patterns.
What is the importance of cardiovascular exercise within the warm up?
Prepares the body. Increase heart rate, cardiac output and oxygen delivery to working muscles. Vascular shunt will direct more blood to working muscles.
What is an active stretch?
When a stretched position is held by the contraction of an agonist muscle.
What is a passive stretch?
Performer uses an external force to help the stretched position.
What is a static stretch?
Muscle is held in a stationary position for 10 seconds or more.
What is the purpose of taping a weak joint?
To provide support and stability.
State the 5 injury rehabilitation methods.
Proprioceptive training, strength training, hyperbaric chambers, cryotherapy and hydrotherapy.
State the 4 types of strength training.
Free weights, machine weights, body weight and therabands.
