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Injury Patterns Flashcards

(15 cards)

1
Q

Interpretation of injury patterns can tell

A
Causal object or weapon
Manner of infliction
- assault
- accident
- self-infliction
Sequence of infliction
- tentative or scattered first
- fatal or grouped later
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2
Q

Intentions of self-inflicted injuries

A
Suicide
Personal gain
- spite, compensation, wasting time, malingering
- seen on cheeks forehead, arms and legs
- sparing of eyes, nose, lips, ears and genitals
Self-mutilation
- feature of psychiatric illness
- criss-crossing incisions and stabs
- face, eyes and genitals targeted
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3
Q

Patterns of self-infliction

A
Sharp force or gunshots over blunt force
Accessible target site
Clothes drawn aside
Hesitation wounds
Only few potentially fatal
Evidence of previous self-harm
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4
Q

Patterns of accidental injury

A
Any type of injury
- often in combination
Not aimed or grouped at target sites
Clothing involved
Defensive injuries possible
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5
Q

Patterns of assualt

A
Any type of injury
- often in combination
Aimed at target sites
Multiple injuries
Clothing involved
Several may be potentially fatal wounds
Defensive injuries common
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6
Q

Why are stab wounds widely scattered in assault

A

Victim and assailant movement
Frenzied attacking
Defensive injuries

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7
Q

Why are injuries just down one side in assault

A

Attacker right handed
Victim left handed
Victim pinned up against wall leaving one side more accessible

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8
Q

Why are injuries present on arms and legs in assault

A

Victim unconscious or dead so no longer able to defend

Victim backed up into corner

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9
Q

Why are injuries closely clustered in assault

A

Easy reach of attacker
Repeated stabbing movement
Victim pinned/held down in position
Victim unconscious or dead

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10
Q

Why are shoes good weapons in assault

A
Easy access
Stamping legs produces large force due to body weight
Hard sole
Hard edges
Easily cleans
Natural
No license or arouses suspicion
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11
Q

Features of a shod foot assualt

A

Punches targeted to face
- black eyes
- nasal fracture
- bruising and lacerations to lips
- bruises, abrasion and lacerations to cheeks, chin and ears
Kicks/stamps targeted to face and ears
- laceration to eyebrows, cheeks and ears
- fractures of maxilla, orbits and zygoma
Airway obstruction
- blood, tongue, mobile face fracture
Kicks to shoulders and back
- lacerations of spleen -> internal haemorrhage
- pinched duodenum under spine and crushed/lacerated by blunt force -> gastric acid leaks into peritoneal cavity -> inflammation -> peritonitis

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12
Q

Features of assaultive incisions

A

Targeted sites
Closely groups
Deep and forceful

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13
Q

Survival and capabilities depend on

A

Site of injury and structures damaged
Degree of blood loss
Rate of blood loss
Capabilities often surprising

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14
Q

Complications of injuries

A
Early
- haemorrhage
- loss of function
- fat or air embolism
Late
- infection
- pneumonia - unconscious on back unable to clear secretions
- ARDS
- DVT and PE
- renal failure
- multi-organ failure
- DIC
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15
Q

Internal haemorrhage

A
Blunt force
- intra-cranial
Sharp force
- intra-thoracic -> haemopericardium and haemothorax
- intra-abdominal
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