Injury and healing 1 and 2 ( muskoskeletal) Flashcards
What are the 3 major mechanisms of trauma
Trauma (major or minor)
Stress
Pathological reasons
Show how abnormal stresses of normal bone leads to fractures
load put on bone leads to bone remodelling
bone weakens
stress fracture
risk of complete fracture
What bones in particular can be under abnormal stress
femur, tibia, metatarsals, navicular
What activities could lead to these abnormal stresses
military- athletic
What is the female athletic triad
amenorrhea, disordered eating and osteoporosis can lead to abnormal stresses of the bone
How is osteoporosis defined
Loss of bone density
How is osteoporosis statistically defined
2.5 SD away from mean
How is osteopenia defined statistically
1 to 2.5 SD away from a mean
What is primary osteoporosis related to
age (senile osteoporosis )
What can cause secondary osteoporosis
alcohol
glucorticoid excess
hypogonadism
What sort of fractures is it associated with
‘fragility fractures’ - of hip spine and wrist
What is the gender distribution of osteoporosis in general
80% female
What is the gender distribution of secondary osteoporosis
60% male
What does vitamin D do that is relevant
- osteoblasts secrete mineral secretions
- increased calcium absoprtion from guts
What does vitamin D lack cause in child and adult
rickets and osteomalacia
