injuries of the foot and ankle region Flashcards

1
Q

the only points of contact of the foot with the ground should be:

A

digit 1, digit 5

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2
Q

what are the 3 predisposing factors for lateral ankle sprains?

A
  • lateral malleolus projects further downward, weakness in peroneals, habitual patterning and posture
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3
Q

what ligament is most commonly involved in lateral ankle sprains?

A

anteriortalofibular ligament

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4
Q

in an inversion ankle sprain, plantar flexion and inversion involves the ______________ ligament. Neutral in inversion involves the _________ ligament. Dorsiflexion and inversion involves the ____________ ligament

A

anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posteriortalofibular ligament

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5
Q

describe phase 1 of a lateral ankle sprain treatment (5)

A

-rest
-ice
-horshoe around malleolus for compression, wrap a tensor bandage around the ankle
- preventative taping
-crutches for walking

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6
Q

describe phase 2 of lateral ankle sprain treatment (5)

A
  • modalities
    -deep friction massage
    -stretching and strengthening
    -propiorception exercises
  • bracing a taping
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7
Q

describe phase 3 of lateral ankle sprain treatment (1)

A

progression of stretching, strengthening exercises

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8
Q

medial ankle sprain often results in ________ (1)

A

multiple malleoli being fractured

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9
Q

most common mechanism of injury for a medial ankle sprain is _________ and _________ of the ankle

A

dorsiflexion and eversion

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10
Q

medial ankle sprains can also involve a tear of the __________ and ___________ membrane

A

ATFL and interosseous membrane

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11
Q

what are a couple pre-disposing factors to medial ankle sprains? (2)

A
  • excessive pronation (flat footed)
  • hypermobile foot
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12
Q

medial ankle sprains often involve pain with passive _________ of the ankle

A

dorsiflexion

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13
Q

shin splints is also known as __________________ (1)

A

medial tibial stress syndrome

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14
Q

the most common muscles involved in medial tibial stress syndrome are: (3)

A

soleus, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior

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15
Q

in medial tibial stress syndrome, _____________ occurs along the tibial border at the soleus insertion and directly on the posterior and medial tibial border (1)

A

periostitis

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16
Q

periostitis is often linked to excessive pronation causing an eccentric contraction of the ___________

17
Q

what are a few of the common causes of medial tibial stress syndrome? (6)

A

-overuse
-changes in training
- running on hard surface
- proper footwear
-repetitive jumping
- running on a banked surface

18
Q

what are some of the common signs and symptoms of medial tibial stress syndrome? (3)

A

-progressive pain
- palpable tenderness along the posteromedial side of the tibia
- pain with active/passive/resistance depedning on the muscles involved

19
Q

compartment syndromes can be ______ in nature, due to ________, or be ________ induced

A

acute, trauma, exercise induced

20
Q

briefly describe exertional compartment syndrome? Seen in people under the age of _______

A

exercise induced pain that is relieved by rest, usually seen in people under the age of 40

21
Q

acute compartment syndrome is most common in the ___________ compartment

22
Q

what are some of the common signs and symptoms of acute compartment syndrome (there are many)

A
  • history of trauma
    -excessive exercise
  • vascular injury
  • dull ache and sense of fullness in the compartmetn
  • numbness between the 1st and 2nd webspace of toes or over entire dorsum
  • palpable tenderness and mass over the area
  • decreased dorsalis pedis pulse
23
Q

in acute compartment syndrome, there is weakness with resistance testing of _______ and ______ of the ankle (2)

A

dorsiflxion and eversion

24
Q

Also, in acute compartment syndrome, there is decreased extension of the ____________(1)

25
what is a common treatment for acute compartment syndrome? (1)
fasciotomy
26
what are some of the risk factors for achilles tendonitis/tendonosis? (4)
-tight heel cords =foot misalignment -recent changes in running shoes or form, -sudden increases in load
27
what eccentric exercise may be beneficial for people recovering from achilles tendon injuries?
eccentric heel drops
28
achilles tendon ruptures are most common between the ages of _____ and _______
30 and 50
29
plantar fasciitis effects around ______ of runners
10%
30
training errors, improper footwear, unyielding hard surfaces , are all extrinsic causes of ______________
plantar fasciitis
31
pes cavus/planus, decreased plantar flexion strength, decreased flexibiltiy of calf mm., ______________, ______________ are all intrinsic causes of plantar fasciitis
excessive pronation, torsional malalignments
32
in plantar fasciitis, there is pain _____________ with the first few steps and the pain ________ after _________
first thing in the morning, decreases after walking
33
in plantar fasciitis, there is pain with passive ______ of the toes and passive _________ of the ankle
extension, dorsiflexion
34