injuries of the foot and ankle region Flashcards
the only points of contact of the foot with the ground should be:
digit 1, digit 5
what are the 3 predisposing factors for lateral ankle sprains?
- lateral malleolus projects further downward, weakness in peroneals, habitual patterning and posture
what ligament is most commonly involved in lateral ankle sprains?
anteriortalofibular ligament
in an inversion ankle sprain, plantar flexion and inversion involves the ______________ ligament. Neutral in inversion involves the _________ ligament. Dorsiflexion and inversion involves the ____________ ligament
anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posteriortalofibular ligament
describe phase 1 of a lateral ankle sprain treatment (5)
-rest
-ice
-horshoe around malleolus for compression, wrap a tensor bandage around the ankle
- preventative taping
-crutches for walking
describe phase 2 of lateral ankle sprain treatment (5)
- modalities
-deep friction massage
-stretching and strengthening
-propiorception exercises - bracing a taping
describe phase 3 of lateral ankle sprain treatment (1)
progression of stretching, strengthening exercises
medial ankle sprain often results in ________ (1)
multiple malleoli being fractured
most common mechanism of injury for a medial ankle sprain is _________ and _________ of the ankle
dorsiflexion and eversion
medial ankle sprains can also involve a tear of the __________ and ___________ membrane
ATFL and interosseous membrane
what are a couple pre-disposing factors to medial ankle sprains? (2)
- excessive pronation (flat footed)
- hypermobile foot
medial ankle sprains often involve pain with passive _________ of the ankle
dorsiflexion
shin splints is also known as __________________ (1)
medial tibial stress syndrome
the most common muscles involved in medial tibial stress syndrome are: (3)
soleus, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior
in medial tibial stress syndrome, _____________ occurs along the tibial border at the soleus insertion and directly on the posterior and medial tibial border (1)
periostitis
periostitis is often linked to excessive pronation causing an eccentric contraction of the ___________
soleus
what are a few of the common causes of medial tibial stress syndrome? (6)
-overuse
-changes in training
- running on hard surface
- proper footwear
-repetitive jumping
- running on a banked surface
what are some of the common signs and symptoms of medial tibial stress syndrome? (3)
-progressive pain
- palpable tenderness along the posteromedial side of the tibia
- pain with active/passive/resistance depedning on the muscles involved
compartment syndromes can be ______ in nature, due to ________, or be ________ induced
acute, trauma, exercise induced
briefly describe exertional compartment syndrome? Seen in people under the age of _______
exercise induced pain that is relieved by rest, usually seen in people under the age of 40
acute compartment syndrome is most common in the ___________ compartment
anterior
what are some of the common signs and symptoms of acute compartment syndrome (there are many)
- history of trauma
-excessive exercise - vascular injury
- dull ache and sense of fullness in the compartmetn
- numbness between the 1st and 2nd webspace of toes or over entire dorsum
- palpable tenderness and mass over the area
- decreased dorsalis pedis pulse
in acute compartment syndrome, there is weakness with resistance testing of _______ and ______ of the ankle (2)
dorsiflxion and eversion
Also, in acute compartment syndrome, there is decreased extension of the ____________(1)
first toe
what is a common treatment for acute compartment syndrome? (1)
fasciotomy
what are some of the risk factors for achilles tendonitis/tendonosis? (4)
-tight heel cords
=foot misalignment
-recent changes in running shoes or form, -sudden increases in load
what eccentric exercise may be beneficial for people recovering from achilles tendon injuries?
eccentric heel drops
achilles tendon ruptures are most common between the ages of _____ and _______
30 and 50
plantar fasciitis effects around ______ of runners
10%
training errors, improper footwear, unyielding hard surfaces , are all extrinsic causes of ______________
plantar fasciitis
pes cavus/planus, decreased plantar flexion strength, decreased flexibiltiy of calf mm., ______________, ______________ are all intrinsic causes of plantar fasciitis
excessive pronation, torsional malalignments
in plantar fasciitis, there is pain _____________ with the first few steps and the pain ________ after _________
first thing in the morning, decreases after walking
in plantar fasciitis, there is pain with passive ______ of the toes and passive _________ of the ankle
extension, dorsiflexion
