Injuries and Illnesses of the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is an Acute injury?
An acute injury is an injury that occurs quickly and for which pain and loss of function is immediate.
What is a Direct injury?
A Direct injury is caused by external force
What is an Indirect injury?
An indirect injury is caused by internal force
What is a Chronic injury?
A chronic injury is an injury that reoccurs due to weakness or insufficient rehabilitation.
What is an Overuse injury?
An overuse injury is an injury caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint.
What is Overtraining?
Overtraining refers to a physical condition characterized in its most severe form by decreased athletic performance, increased fatigue, persistent muscle soreness, mood disturbances, and a feeling of being ‘burnt-out’ or ‘stale’.
What are some soft tissue injuries?
Sprain: Affects Ligament
Strain: Affects Muscle or tendon
Contusion (bruise): Affects Muscle, tendon, skin
Open wound (laceration): Affects Skin
What are some hard tissue injuries?
Hard tissue injuries involve bones and joints of the skeleton.
-Fracture
-Dislocation
What are some overuse injuries?
Shin splints: Caused by muscle fatigue in lower limbs
Osteitis pubis: irritation and/ or overuse of the joint between the pubic bones of the pelvis.
Tennis or golfers’ elbow: Recurring pain on the outside of the upper forearm just below the bend of the elbow; occasionally pain radiates down the arm towards the wrist.
What are some symptoms of overtraining?
Physiological symptoms: Persistent feelings over fatigue, chronic muscle soreness.
Psychological symptoms: Decreased concentration, decreased motivation, depression etc
What is Arthritis and what are the three types?
Inflammation of the joint, causing pain and stiffness.
Juvenile arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
How can physical activity help improve arthritis?
-Improves the mobility and flexibility of the joint
-Increased muscle strength
-Improve posture and balance
What is Juvenile arthritis?
Juvenile arthritis affects children under 16 years if age and affects the larger joints, such as the knees, ankles, wrists or elbows.
What is Osteoarthritis?
Affects people between 40-55 years of age and women generally. Affects mostly weight-bearing joints, including the hip, knee or ankle. Caused by age, physical inactivity, joint trauma.
What is Rheumatoid arthritis?
Affects any age more likely people of 60. Affects the smaller joints such as the hands and feet. Caused by the immune system attacking the tissues lining the joints.
What is Osteoporosis?
A condition in which the bones become weak and thin and therefore brittle. Loss impairs density of bone and increases risk of fracture.
What are the risk factors of developing Osteoporosis?
-Inadequate amounts of dietary calcium.
-low vitamin D levels.
-cigarette smoking or alcohol intake of more than two standard drinks per day.
-lack of physical activity.
early menopause (before the age of 45)
What are the preventative measures for Osteoporosis?
Participation in regular physical activities (particular weight-bearing exercises). This helps to maintain/ improve bone density and strengthen the muscles that attach to these bones. This also reduces the likelihood of falling over.
What is the purpose of pre-participation screening?
Should be undertaken by all individuals prior to commencing or increasing their physical activity. Specifically designed to identify individuals with underlying health concerns or at high risk of something going wrong during exercise.
What should a warmup do?
-Increases heart rate and respitory rate
-Increases blood flow to muscles, resulting in an increase in muscle temperature and oxygen delivery to muscle cells
-Increases muscle elasticity (fibres and tendons) due to muscle temperature increase
What are the phases of a warmup?
The general phase: beginning of the warmup, increases heart rate and respitory rate (jogging, cycling).
Dynamic stretching: body is actively moving through a full range of motion.
The specific sport phase: includes activities that involve agility, speed and acceleration.
What is aim of a cool down?
-Prevent venous pooling
-Ensure waste products (lactid acid) are broken down and removed from blood
-Reduces potential for muscle soreness
-Allow the body to return to resting physiological state.
What are the 3 types of tapes?
Rigid taping: restrict movement & provide mechanical support and proprioception.
Soft elastic bandages: Used for initial injury.
Kinesiology tape: Less restrictive to allow muscle support not compromise range of motion.
What is a advantage and disadvantage of braces?
Braces can be a useful tool in pain management, providing support, stability, and pain relief. However, they also have some drawbacks, including dependency and limited mobility.
