injuries Flashcards

1
Q

hematoma

A

extravasation of blood out of vessels into the surrounding tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nerve compression syndromes

and innervation of the hand

A

carpal tunnel:median
cubital tunnel syndrome- ulnar

palmar surface : 3.5 ulnar +1.5 median
dorsum: look at image (all 3 nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

rhabdomyolysis and crush syndrome

A

crush syndrome: shock and kindey failure A LOCALISED CRUSH INJURY BUT WITH SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS

these waste products accumulate to a toxic level and, should the limb be released, the waste products are released into the circulatory system and pumped to the heart which can cause cardiac arrest and IMMEDIATE DEATH!
damage to muscles and release of mygolbin which is tolix to the kidney so can cause kidney failure

as muscle cells die they take in sodium and ca2+ (now the pump is no longer working) so na is just coming in as it pleases dragging water with it - leads to oedema of the muscles. as we said the dying cells release k leading to hyperkalemia (heart issues)

substances release:
k, thromboplastin (clots) , myoglobin, phospahte (as we have high amount in the cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SCALP

A
Skin
dense CT tissue
aponeurosis 
loose areolar ct 
periosteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of skull/brain injures based on location

A

epidural
subdural
intracranial
subarachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

whats more dangerous relatively pancreatitis or appendicitis?

A

pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which organ is most affcted in abdo blunt injuries

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

deleayed rupture of spleen

A

> 48 h from injury thought to be caused by a expanding subcapsular hemotoma which ruptures the cpsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

emergency laprotmy indications

A

in the case of peritonitis e.g after abdo trauma you go from xiphoid to pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

kehr sign

A

example of referred pain,

irritation of the diapgharagm by blood or other contents (hemoperitoneum) causes shoulder pain

if it occurs on left side its classic of ruptured spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

kehr sign

A

example of referred pain,

irritation of the diapgharagm by blood or other contents (hemoperitoneum) causes shoulder pain

if it occurs on left side its classic of ruptured spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dpl

what can you look for that makes it a postive result

CI

A

was once the gld standarsd for abdo trauma but now we have advanced tech like FAST SCAN

  • Can indentify blood
  • can identify a diapghragm injury
  • blood
  • wbc
    -bacteria
    -amylase
    -br
    -intetsinal contetns (poo, food)

Ci-previous abdominal surgery : due to adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dpl

what can you look for that makes it a postive result

CI

A

was once the gld standarsd for abdo trauma but now we have advanced tech like FAST SCAN

  • Can indentify blood
  • can identify a diapghragm injury
  • blood
  • wbc
    -bacteria
    -amylase
    -br
    -intetsinal contetns (poo, food)

Ci-previous abdominal surgery : due to adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

haemobiliia

A

bleeding into biliary tree, is a sign of extensive liver hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

haemobiliia

A

bleeding into biliary tree, is a sign of extensive liver hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hich rgans are retropertionael

A

SAD PUCKER

15
Q

which parts of duodenum are retro

A

2nd and 3rd

16
Q

which parts of duodenum are retro

A

2nd and 3rd

17
Q

why is there high mortality in pancreatic injuries

A

caustic nature of enzymes
MASSIVE WIDEPREAD INFLAMMATION

17
Q

why is there high mortality in pancreatic injuries

A

caustic nature of enzymes
MASSIVE WIDEPREAD INFLAMMATION

18
Q

WHY MAY signs of duodenal injuies be delayed

A

due to their part retroperitoneal location

18
Q

WHY MAY signs of duodenal injuies be delayed

A

due to their part retroperitoneal location

19
Q

what is the most commonmechanism of small intestine trauma

A

PENETREATING

20
Q

most common mechanism for pancreatic trauma

A

crushing of the body pancreas with a ridgid structure like steering while between the spine

20
Q

most common mechanism for pancreatic trauma

A

crushing of the body pancreas with a ridgid structure like steering while between the spine

21
Q

WHAT score do we use for splenic injuries

A

AAST
5 GRADES

grade 1 - s.c hemotoa <10%, parenchme laceration <1

  1. s.c hemaotoma 10-50% , parenchymall laceration 1-3
  2. s.c hematoma >50%, parenchymal laceration >3
  3. splenic vascualr injury , active bleeding but confined within capsule
  4. splenic vascular injury. SHATTERED SPLEEN , active bleeding extending beyond the spleen into periotneum