Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3SP: Surgery/Injections > Injections > Flashcards

Injections Flashcards

1
Q

Indication of analgesia

A

During procedures

After trauam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indication of akinesia

A

Sub-tenons/tenons block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnostic local anesthesia

A

Isolate pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Advantage of local analgesia

A

Easy to administer
Reliable
Safe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disadvantage of local anesthesia

A

May rewuire high volume of anesthesia

Painful
Distorts anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Topical analgesia pros

A

Painless

Does not distort anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Disadvantage of topical analgeia

A

Not always reliable
Excessive absorption if used on mucous membranes
Cannot be used on end arterieolat circualtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nerve block advantage

A

Unlikely to distort anatomy

Fewer overall injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Disadvantage of neve block

A

Only for certain locations

Not as reliable as local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pharmacology of anesthesia

A

Weak base
Prepared in acidic solutions to prolong shelf life [H+]
Blocks Na channels preventing pain transmission
Buffering increases the availability of active particles of anesthetic (non-ionized form)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factors to influence pain upon injections

A

PH
Temp
Speed and depth of injection
Needle gauge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors to reduce pain upon injections

A

PH: buffer solution with bicarbonate. 2,8-5.7x less painful, doesnt effect duration of anesthetic. Pretreat with topical anesthesia if possible

Temp: warm

Slow rate of injection and from inside the wound margins

Use a thinner gauge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Buffering

A

1 part sodium bicarbonate 8.4% to 9 parts anesthetic. May appear cloudy doesnt affect the anesthetic

Use immediately
Warm to body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Esters

A

Proparacaine
Tetracaine
Chloroprocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amides

A

Lidocaine
Etidocaine
Mepivacaine
Bupivacaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which one causes more allergies, ester or amides

A

Esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which injections do we use the most

A

Lidocaine and bupivacaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Factors affecting efficacy of anesthetic

A

Infection
Inflammation
Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Infection and efficacy

A

Edema, tissue hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inflammation and efficacy

A

Ruptured chalazion

-inflammation, edema, tissue hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anxiety and efficacy of injection

A

Hyperventilation-resp acidosis, metabolic acidosis, tissue hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Contraindications to local anesthesia

A 
Hypersentisity 
Allergic to
-preservative
-ester anesthetic 
-Almide anesthetic 
History of CNS reactivity to a local
Histroy of cardio reactivity
23
Q

Preservative allergy

A

Formation of PABA

-methylparaben

24
Q

Allergy to ester

A

Formation of PABA during the metabolic process

  • tetracain
  • procaine
25
Q

Allergy to amide

A

Rare

Lidocaine

26
Q

Cross reaction between amides and esters

A

Little to no cross reaction between them

27
Q

history of CNS reactivity and local

A 
Numbness
Tinnitus 
Tremor
Visual disturbance
Altered mental state
Seizure
28
Q

History of cardio and loca

A

Arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia

29
Q

Contraindications to epinephrine

A 
Beta blockers 
TCA
MOAI
Hypoglycemics/insulin
Thyroid hormone 
Oxytocics

Hypersensitive to epinephrine
Patietns with sulfate sensitiveity (added to epi to prevent browning of solution)

30
Q

Use of epinephrine

A

Prologues anesthetic and promotes hemostasis

31
Q

Comorbidities with epinephrine

A 
Angle closure glaucoma 
Organic brain syndrome 
Coronary insuffiency 
PVS
Labor and delivery
32
Q

Open contaminated wounds and epinephrine

A

Decreased blood flow
Increase infection

Don’t ever put epi on this

33
Q

Relative contraindications/caution

A 
DM
HTN
Arteriosclerosis 
Thyrotoxicosis
Heart block 
Cerebrovascualr disease
34
Q

Absolute contra to epinephrine

A 
Fingers 
Toes
Nose (ala nasi)
Earlobes
The penis

Few vascular beds there and can cause necrosis

35
Q

When to use lidocaine

A 
Contaminated wounds 
Presence of a vascular disease
Immunocompromised patient
CV disease 
Cardio disease 
Nerve blocks
36
Q

Alternatives to allergic patietns

A
  • no anesthetic
  • preservative free single dose
  • cooling agent (NOT IN THE EYE): ice, liquid nitrogen, ethyl chloride
  • substitute an amide for an ester
  • sub (both comparable to lidocaine 1% effect): sterile saline 0.9%. Benadryl 50mh/mL: STINGS and buffering doesnt help
37
Q

Benadryl for allergic patietns

A

50mg/mL
-mix 1 vial with 4mL of sterile saline and draw it up and inject it

DO NOT USE NERVE BLOCKS

38
Q

Complications of anesthesia

A

Redness
Swelling
Streaking
Pus pain

39
Q

Managment of complaitions

A

Ab
Steroids
Hygiene

40
Q

Allergic reactions to anesthesia

A 
Lightheadedness 
Nausea/vomiting 
Pruritis/urticaria
Edema
Hypotension/syncope
Cardiovascular collapse
41
Q

Managment of allergic problems

A

Oral Benadryl for minor

Call 911 + epipen for severe

42
Q

CNS complications

A 
Numbness
Tinnitus 
Tremor 
Visual disturbance
Altered mental state
Seizure
43
Q

Managment of CNS problsmes

A

Call 911
Oxygen with a MASK
Alert patietns may hyperventilate

44
Q

Cardio/pulmonary problems with anesthesia

A 
Arrhythmias 
Bradycardia
Respiratory distress 
Hypotension
Exacerbation of CHF
45
Q

Magnsment of cardio/pulmonary probes

A

Call 911
Start BLC/CRP (ACLS for serious rhythm disturbance)
ER

46
Q

Methemoglobinemia

A

High levels of methemoglobin in blood
Renders RBC incapable of transporting oxygen. Cyanosis does not repsond to oxygen, arterial blood appears brown

Infants and elderly most susceptible

47
Q

Steps for drawing up

A

Get ready
Check you meds
Get the vial ready
Fill syringe

48
Q

Getting ready for draw

A 
Gather and prep your supplies 
-vial
-syringe and needle
-alcohol pads
-sharps container 
Clean work area 
-set up away from contaminated areas 
Clean hands
49
Q

Checking meds before draw

A 
Check the label 
-correct medication, liquid, powder
-expiration date-DO NOT USE IF EXPIRED
Check color 
-color 
-precipitates
-cloudiness
If the medicine is to be used more than once, write the date on via to show opening date
50
Q

Getting the vial ready

A

Take cap off (if new bottle)
Clean rubber septum with alcohol pad in a “one pass only” technique
-do not rub in circles-contamination

51
Q

Filling the syringe

A

-hold the syringe like a pencil with needle pointing up
-with the cap still on, pull the plunger to the designated line on the syringe to match your dose =
draws in air (displace and equalize inside the vile)
• With one hand, pierce the rubber septum with the needle
• Push air into the vial (prevents a vacuum from forming)
• Turn the vial and syringe upside down and hold it in the air (needle tip in medication)
• Pull back plunger to desired dose
• Replace vial to table
• With one hand, remove need from bottle and replace cap using the “swoop” technique
• Hold the syringe again like a pencil with the needle pointing up and gently tap the syringe to
move air bubbles to the surface

52
Q

Handling sharps

A

– Sharps: Needles, scalpels, cutting tools
– Prevent injuries
• Have all appropriate items nearby such as alcohol swabs, gauze, bandages
• Know where the sharps container is
• DO NOT uncover or unwrap a sharp object until you are ready to use it
• Never point the needle at yourself or other people
• Never recap or bend a sharp object (Unless using “scoop” technique)
• Never hand off an uncapped needle or lie it down for someone to grab

53
Q

Sharps disposals

A

• Container is at eye level and within reach
• Puncture resistant with a lid and the color red
• Replace when they are 2/3 full
• Never put your fingers into the container or try to push down a syringe that is sticking partially
out → Call to have the container removed
• If you find an uncovered sharp near the container you can pick it up ONLY if you can grab the
non-sharp end (if not use tongs, dustpan and broom, etc)

3SP: Surgery/Injections (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions