INITIATION OF PREGNANCY

Question 1

note : a lot of this lectures info is in PBL1 cards for this week

Answer 1

revise it :)

Question 2

what are monozygotic twins?

Answer 2

identical twins from a single zygote

Question 3

what are monochorionic diamniotic twins?

Answer 3

twins share a placenta and therefore a blood supply

Question 4

what are diachronic diamniotic twins?

Answer 4

each twin has its own chorionic and diamniotic sac

Question 5

what are monochorionic mono amniotic twins?

Answer 5

share placenta and amniotic fluid

Question 6

what are the 3 types of monozygotic twins

Answer 6

• dichorionic diamniotic twins
• monochorionic diamniotic twins
• monochorionic monoamniotic twins

Question 7

why do we get different variations in monozygotic twins?

Answer 7

because it depends when the embryo splitting occurs as this tells us how much of the extra-embryonic membranes will be shared

Question 8

in monozygotic twins, when does the embryo splitting occur by?

Answer 8

anytime in the first 2 weeks

Question 9

what are dizygotic twins?

Answer 9

when 2 eggs ar ovulated and so 2 fertilised eggs occur

Question 10

how many couples require medical assistance for pregnant?

Answer 10

1/7 couples

Question 11

how many couples under 35 will become pregnant after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse?

Answer 11

84%

Question 12

what are the types of assisted reproductive technologies?

Answer 12

In vitro fertilization.

Intrauterine insemination.

Intrafallopian transfer.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Question 13

what is intrauterine insemination?

Answer 13

fertilizes the egg inside a woman’s uterus

Question 14

what is intrafallopian transfer?

Answer 14

fertilizing the egg inside the woman’s fallopian tube

Question 15

what is an intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

Answer 15

when a mature egg is injected with a single healthy sperm.

Question 16

outline briefly the stages of IVF?

Answer 16

agonist of GnRH to cause suppression of LH and FSH allowing a cohort of follicles reaching the pre-antral stage
injections of high levels of FSH to trigger and maintain growth of follicles

Question 17

how can sperm be collected for assisted reproductive technologies?

Answer 17

PESA, TESA, TESE

Question 18

what is HFEA?

Answer 18

human fertilisation and embryology authority

they oversee all fertility treatment

Question 19

what’s the chance of conception through IVF at 30 and 40 years of age?

Answer 19

20% and 5%

Question 20

how can a woman over 35 increase her chance of IVF?

Answer 20

by using donor eggs

Question 21

what’s a big risk factor for IVF?

Answer 21

multiple births

Question 22

what are benefits of freezing embryos?

Answer 22

you can save embryos for different cycles of IVF

but success rates from frozen eggs are very low