Inherited traits in cats and dogs

Question 1

Which animal is the most varied of all domesticated animals?

Answer 1

the dog

approximately 530 breeds

Question 2

Inherited traits/disorders in dogs vs cats

Answer 2

651 dogs

318 cats

Question 3

Two genetic bottle necks in dog breeding

Answer 3

1. domestication
   - genetic diversity restricted to animals with behaviour suitable/amendable for domestication
2. specific breed registries
   - selection for looks; morphogenic traits

Question 4

A breed consists of individuals that meet 3 criteria

Answer 4

1. descend from a particular founding stock or ancestry
2. they have a utility for which they serve humans
3. they have a typology that ensures a similar physical appearance to other members of the breed

Question 5

Actual breed standards

Answer 5

fixed based mainly on appearance
little consideration on health and function
closed breed registries

Question 6

5 freedoms for animal welfare

Answer 6

1. freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition
2. freedom from pain, injury and disease
3. freedom from fear and distress
4. freedom from physical and thermal discomfort
5. freedom to perform most normal forms of behaviour

Question 7

Further recommendations by prof bateson

Answer 7

do not breed for extreme morphologies
enhance the assured breeders program
microchip all puppies prior to sale

Question 8

___% of dogs for selected inherited disorders were purebred

___% mixd breeds

Answer 8

73%

25%

Question 9

% with at least one of selected genetic conditions

Answer 9

purebreds 32%
mixed breeds 26%
total prevalence 30%

Question 10

Many purebreds have a higher prevalence than mixed breeds of”

Answer 10

atopy/allergic dermatitis
hypothyroidism
intervertebral disk disease

Question 11

Purebred terrier groups had lower prevalence than mixed breeds of

Answer 11

IVDD

Question 12

Patellar luxation has ____ SNPs and ____ loci

Answer 12

9 SNPs

8 loci

Question 13

EBVs

Answer 13

• measure potential of an animal to pass a specific trait to its offspring
• calculated using animals phenotype
• useful for selection on complex traits
• have been calculated for health and welfare traits
• can make decisions without phenotype information

Question 14

gEBVs

Answer 14

calculated using relationships based on genome-wide markers in place of pedigree based information

Question 15

Replacing detrimental allele by cross breeding

Answer 15

seen in Dalmatians

• suffer from hyperuricosuria and formation of urinary calculi due to abnormal SLC2A9
• Dalmation outcrossed to pointer homo for normal allele then backcrossed to Dalmatian of several generations
• heterozygous dalmations not clinically affected

Question 16

GISID

Answer 16

generic illness severity index for dogs
welfare impact
breed-disorder welfare impact scores

Question 17

Disorders with the max score on GISID include

Answer 17

cyclic neutropenia
gastric torsion
renal hypoplasia, bilateral

Question 18

BDWIS=

Answer 18

WI x proportion of life affected

proportion of life affected= (mean breed lifespan-mean age of onset)/mean breed lifespan