Epigenetics 2 Flashcards
Other common terms for genetic manipulation
recombinant DNA technology
genetic engineering
GM
gene splicing
DNA ligase
glue for DNA
Chimera
during the 1970s the first chimeric mice were produced
Cells of two different embryos of different strains were combined together at an early stage of development to form a single embryo
Transgenic animal
DNA microinjection–> zygota–> 2-cell embryo–> implantation to surrogate normal mouse–> 10-20% of pups carry new gene
Genetic manipulation
- gene number not enough to explain human complexity
- key genes are highly homologous across species
Deletion (same) on chromosome 15 causes
angel man syndrome (happy puppet syndrome)
prader- willi syndrome (fluffy syndrome)
variations in phenotype with same genotype
Epigentics
refers to the study of changes in regulation of gene activity and expression that are not dependent on gene DNA sequence
Mechanisms of epigenetics
methylation
chromatin remodelling
histone modification
RNA interfereence/interactions
Natural roles of DNA methylation in mammalian systems
imprinting X chromosome inactivation heterochromatin maintenance developmental controls tissue specific expression controls
Gene therapy
set of approaches designed to correct the defective genes responsible for disease development
Rather than treat patient’s disease with drugs or surgery, the patient receives DNA
Gene therapy approaches
gene insertion -specific or non specific location gene modification -recombination gene surgery -reverse mutation gene regulation -degree to which a gene is turned on or off
Common vectors used in gene therapy
- adenovirus
- retrovirus
- naked/plasmid DNA
Gene therapy in veterinary medicine
weber congenital amaurosis
mucopolysaccharidosis VII
Hemophilia B
Glycogen storage disease
