inherited change

Question 1

what is the definition for genotype

Answer 1

genetic constitution of an organism ( the alleles it has)

Question 2

what is the definition for phenotype

Answer 2

the expression of the genetic constitution

Question 3

what is the defintion for recessive allele

Answer 3

an allele only expressed if no dominant allele is expressed

Question 4

what is the definition for dominant allele

Answer 4

an allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype

Question 5

what is the definition for codominant

Answer 5

both alleles are equally dominant and expressed in the phenotype

Question 6

what is the definition for multiple alleles

Answer 6

more than two alleles for a single gene

Question 7

what is the definition for sex linkage

Answer 7

a gene whose locus is on the X chromosome

Question 8

what is the definition for autosomal linkage

Answer 8

different genes that are located on the same chromosome

Question 9

epistasis definition

Answer 9

when one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene on a different locus

Question 10

monohybrid definition

Answer 10

genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by one gene

Question 11

dihybrid definition

Answer 11

genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by two genes

Question 12

what can also alter a persons phenotype

Answer 12

the enviroment

Question 13

what phenotypic ratio will you always get in a dihybrid cross with heterozygous parents for both genes

Answer 13

9:3:3:1

Question 14

when does this ratio change

Answer 14

• crossing over in meiosis
  -autosomal linkage
  -epistasis

Question 15

what does autosomal linkage mean

Answer 15

both genes will be inherited together

Question 16

what is the new ratio in a dihybrid cross with autosomal linkage for heterozygous parents

Answer 16

3:1

Question 17

what is the null hypothesis for chi squared

Answer 17

there is no significant difference between the expected and observed frequency of X phenotype

Question 18

how do you conclude for chi squared

Answer 18

• if our calculated value is less than the criritcal value at 0.05 then
• more than 5% probability that the results are due to chance
  -accept the null hypothesis
• there is no significant difference between the expected vs observed

if our calculated value is more than the value at 0.05 critical value
- there is a less than 5% probability the difference between observed vs expected due to chance and we can reject the null hypothesis and there is a significant difference between the expected vs observed

Question 19

what is the other format you can get for chi squared exam questions

Answer 19

-sometimes you are given a table which is just a p value and the change
- for this if the p value is <0.05 this means there is less than 5% probability the change is due to chance and we reject the null hypothesis

Question 20

what is meant by the term phenotype

Answer 20

phenotype is the characteristic from the genetic constitution of alleles and the characteristic due to enviroment

Question 21

what is the hardy weinberg pricniple

Answer 21

The proportion/frequency of alleles

2. Will stay constant from 1 generation to the next
3. Providing there’s : NO mutation / NO selection / the population’s large / pop. genetically isolated / mating is random