Inherited Bone Disorders & Fractures Flashcards
What is the function of UV light in vitamin D metabolism?
Converts 7-dehydrocholsterol into cholecalciferol
How can rickets be caused?
Low phosphate levels –> Poor mineralisation of bone
What are 4 risk factors FRAX uses in 10-year osteoporotic fracture?
1) Family history of hip fracture
2) Smoking status
3) Glucocorticosteroids usage
4) Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
What would blood tests of bone profile appear like in osteoporosis?
All would be normal –> Mineralisation occurs just not enough bone density!
What compound is a marker of increased bone turnover?
Alkaline Phosphatase
What things does a blood profile examine?
1) Minerals 2) Proteins 3) Enzymes
What are the 3 main principles of fracture management
1) Reduce fracture alignment
2) Immobilise the fracture
3) Rehabilitate the patient
Where are osteoporotic fractures most common?
1) Hip
2) Waist
3) Vertebral Column
What is a compound fracture?
Injury where bone pierces the skin
What is a comminuted fracture?
Fracture with greater than 2 fragments of bone
What injury causes hyperextension to the knee?
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
What is the definition of a frature?
Breach in continuity of bone
What 5 components to describe a fracture
1) Site: Which bone
2) Pattern of fracture e.g. Oblique, Spiral
3) Displacement: % displaced etc
4) Joint Involvement
5) Skin Involvement
What are the 4 stages of fracture healing?
1) Haematoma (Hours after fracture)
2) Inflammation (Days following)
3) Repair (weeks following)
4) Remodelling (Months to years after)
What takes place in Haematoma stage?
1) Bleeding of endosteal and periosteal vessels
2) Blood flow decreases
3) Periosteal stripping
4) Osteocyte death
