Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Flashcards
What is DNA?
The chemical that all of the genetic material in a cell is made up from.
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA found on a chromosome.
What is a genome?
The entire set of genetic material in an organism.
What is sexual reproduction?
Where genetic information from two organisms are combined to produce offspring which are genetically different to either parent. The fusion of male and female gametes. This happens by meiosis.
What is asexual reproduction?
Happens by mitosis - when the cell makes a new cell by dividing into two.
What is your genotype?
The combination of alleles you have.
What is your phenotype?
What characteristics you have.
What does homozygous mean?
When the two alleles for a particular gene are the same.
What does heterozygous mean?
When the two alleles for a particular gene are different.
What is the order of classifcication?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is cystic fibrosis?
Caused by a recessive allele, a genetic disorder of the cell membrane where there is thick sticky mucus in the air passages and the pancreas.
What is polydactyly?
Caused by a dominant allele, `when a baby is born with extra toes or fingers.
