Inheritance Variation And Evoloutiom Flashcards
What is the basic unit of heredity?
Gene
True or False: Alleles are different forms of the same gene.
True
What is the genotype of an organism?
The genetic makeup of an organism.
Fill in the blank: The observable characteristics of an organism are known as its __________.
Phenotype
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.
What is a recessive allele?
An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present.
True or False: A homozygous organism has two identical alleles for a trait.
True
What is a phenotype ratio?
The ratio of different phenotypes produced in a genetic cross.
In a dihybrid cross, how many different phenotypes can be produced?
Four
What does the term ‘polygenic inheritance’ refer to?
Inheritance of traits controlled by two or more genes.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
Locus
What is a Punnett square used for?
To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
True or False: Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.
True
What is natural selection?
The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
What is speciation?
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Fill in the blank: The __________ theory explains how species evolve over time.
Evolution
What is genetic drift?
A change in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling.
True or False: Genetic variation is essential for a population’s adaptability.
True
What is the role of chromosomes in inheritance?
Chromosomes carry genes that are passed from parents to offspring.
What is a karyotype?
A visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes.
Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells is called __________.
Mitosis
What type of inheritance pattern does blood type follow?
Codominance and multiple alleles.
What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
It provides a mathematical model to study genetic variation in a population.