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gas course > Biology B4 > Flashcards

Biology B4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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2
Q

True or False: Mitosis results in four genetically identical daughter cells.

A

False

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3
Q

What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of life is the __________.

A

cell

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5
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

A

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory? A) All living things are composed of cells. B) Cells arise from pre-existing cells. C) Cells can be created from non-cellular materials. D) Cells are the basic unit of life.

A

C) Cells can be created from non-cellular materials.

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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through respiration.

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8
Q

True or False: Enzymes are affected by temperature and pH.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the chloroplast in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA stands for __________.

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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11
Q

What type of cell division produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism? A) Plant cell B) Animal cell C) Bacterium D) Fungus

A

C) Bacterium

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13
Q

What is the primary function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

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14
Q

True or False: All cells have a nucleus.

A

False

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15
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance where cellular processes occur.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy is called __________.

A

cellular respiration

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17
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

The cell wall provides structural support and protection.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins? A) Ribosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Mitochondria D) Nucleus

A

B) Golgi apparatus

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19
Q

What is meant by the term ‘homeostasis’?

A

Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment.

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20
Q

True or False: Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the main function of the lysosome?

A

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is carried by __________.

A

DNA

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23
Q

What type of transport requires energy?

A

Active transport

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes does NOT require energy? A) Diffusion B) Endocytosis C) Exocytosis D) Active transport

A

A) Diffusion

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25
Q

What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells?

A

The vacuole stores nutrients and waste products and helps maintain turgor pressure.

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26
Q

True or False: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis.

A

False

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27
Q

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins.

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28
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for regulating the passage of substances in and out of the nucleus.

A

nuclear membrane

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29
Q

What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?

A

A haploid cell has one set of chromosomes, while a diploid cell has two sets.

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30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which process is used to produce ATP? A) Photosynthesis B) Fermentation C) Cellular respiration D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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31
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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32
Q

True or False: Bacteria can reproduce sexually.

A

False

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33
Q

What is the primary role of hormones in the body?

A

Hormones act as chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes.

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34
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for producing hormones.

A

endocrine

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35
Q

What is the role of the skeletal system?

A

The skeletal system provides structure, support, and protection for the body.

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36
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem D) Hypothalamus

A

B) Cerebellum

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37
Q

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

A

True

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38
Q

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

A

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half to produce gametes.

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39
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the powerhouse of the cell.

A

mitochondria

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40
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.

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41
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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42
Q

True or False: The heart is part of the respiratory system.

A

False

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43
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breathing in is called ______.

A

inhalation

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44
Q

What is the name of the structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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45
Q

What do the alveoli do?

A

They are the sites of gas exchange in the lungs.

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46
Q

Multiple choice: Which gas is primarily expelled during exhalation? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Nitrogen

A

B) Carbon Dioxide

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47
Q

What is the role of hemoglobin in the blood?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

48
Q

True or False: The trachea is also known as the windpipe.

49
Q

What is the main organ of the respiratory system?

50
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing.

A

epiglottis

51
Q

Multiple choice: Which part of the brain regulates breathing? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla Oblongata C) Cerebrum

A

B) Medulla Oblongata

52
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

The process of oxygen entering the blood and carbon dioxide being removed.

53
Q

True or False: The left lung has three lobes.

54
Q

What are the tiny hair-like structures that help filter the air in the respiratory tract called?

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the main passageway for air to enter the lungs.

56
Q

What is the purpose of mucus in the respiratory system?

A

To trap dust and pathogens.

57
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? A) Gas exchange B) Vocalization C) Digestion

A

C) Digestion

58
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

A

It contracts and moves downward to create a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs.

59
Q

True or False: The right lung has two lobes.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ is the process by which oxygen is used to produce energy in cells.

A

Cellular respiration

61
Q

What is asthma?

A

A condition that causes narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult.

62
Q

Multiple choice: What can help reduce asthma symptoms? A) Exercise B) Smoking C) Allergen avoidance

A

C) Allergen avoidance

63
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

To warm, moisten, and filter the air before it enters the lungs.

64
Q

True or False: The lungs are located in the abdominal cavity.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ are the main branches that lead from the trachea to the lungs.

66
Q

What is the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

A

To reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse.

67
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following diseases is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways? A) COPD B) Diabetes C) Hypertension

68
Q

What is the primary gas exchanged in the alveoli?

69
Q

True or False: Carbon dioxide is more soluble in blood than oxygen.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs.

A

alveolar membrane

71
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

A

It relaxes and moves upward.

72
Q

Multiple choice: Which gas do the body’s cells produce as a waste product? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Nitrogen

A

B) Carbon Dioxide

73
Q

What is the main function of the larynx?

A

To produce sound and protect the trachea against food aspiration.

74
Q

True or False: The respiratory system works independently from the circulatory system.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ are the smallest air sacs in the lungs.

76
Q

What is the function of the pleura?

A

To provide lubrication and reduce friction between the lungs and chest wall.

77
Q

Multiple choice: What is the name of the condition characterized by difficulty breathing? A) Dyspnea B) Apnea C) Tachypnea

A

A) Dyspnea

78
Q

What is the role of the intercostal muscles?

A

To assist with the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during breathing.

79
Q

True or False: Smoking can damage the alveoli.

80
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system works closely with the respiratory system to transport oxygen.

A

circulatory

81
Q

What is the primary component of the air we breathe?

82
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following structures is responsible for sound production? A) Trachea B) Larynx C) Pharynx

83
Q

What is the term for the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation?

A

Expiratory reserve volume

84
Q

True or False: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries.

85
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the respiratory system that connects the throat to the lungs.

86
Q

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

A

To supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.

87
Q

Multiple choice: Which type of cell is primarily involved in gas exchange? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Platelets

A

A) Red blood cells

88
Q

What is the role of the nasal septum?

A

To divide the nasal cavity into two nostrils.

89
Q

True or False: The respiratory rate increases during exercise.

90
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

A

pulmonary vein

91
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

92
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a consequence of smoking? A) Improved lung function B) Increased risk of lung cancer C) Decreased heart rate

A

B) Increased risk of lung cancer

93
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.

94
Q

True or False: The right lung is larger than the left lung.

95
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area where the trachea branches into the bronchi.

96
Q

What are the primary muscles involved in breathing?

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

97
Q

Multiple choice: Which respiratory condition is characterized by a chronic cough and mucus production? A) Asthma B) Bronchitis C) Emphysema

A

B) Bronchitis

98
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory mucosa?

A

To trap and filter particles from the air.

99
Q

True or False: The respiratory system has no role in regulating blood pH.

100
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs.

101
Q

What is the term for the inflammation of the bronchi?

A

Bronchitis

102
Q

Multiple choice: Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing? A) Uvula B) Epiglottis C) Larynx

A

B) Epiglottis

103
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary artery?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

104
Q

True or False: The respiratory system does not interact with the digestive system.

105
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing.

106
Q

What is the primary function of the bronchial tubes?

A

To transport air to and from the lungs.

107
Q

Multiple choice: Which gas is primarily inhaled? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Argon

108
Q

What condition occurs when the alveoli are damaged, leading to difficulty in breathing?

109
Q

True or False: The respiratory system is responsible for the production of hormones.

110
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ helps to protect the lungs from infection.

A

immune system

111
Q

What is the term for the exchange of gases in the tissues?

A

Internal respiration

112
Q

Multiple choice: What is the purpose of the vocal cords? A) To filter air B) To produce sound C) To transport oxygen

A

B) To produce sound

113
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Rapid or deep breathing that can lead to decreased carbon dioxide levels.

114
Q

True or False: The respiratory system can help regulate body temperature.

115
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ helps to warm and humidify the air we breathe.

A

nasal cavity

116
Q

What is the primary function of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

A

To facilitate gas exchange between blood and air.

117
Q

Multiple choice: What is the largest part of the brain that regulates breathing? A) Cerebellum B) Brainstem C) Cerebrum

A

B) Brainstem

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