Inheritance and Genetics: Chapter 14-16

Question 1

Selective breeding

Answer 1

The process of choosing and breeding specific organisms for particular physical features or behaviors.

Question 2

Gregor Mendel’s Experiments of Inheritance

Answer 2

Analyzed over 28,000 pea plants and had seven traits that were expressed in two easily distinguishable forms through true breeding.

• True breeding plants were the parental (P) generation
• He crossed two true breeding plants with the opposite characteristics to create the first filial or F1 generation, which he let self-pollinate
• Observed characteristics of the offspring of the F1 generation, which was the second filial, or F2 generation
• This was a monohybrid cross

Question 3

Monohybrid cross

Answer 3

Cross of two individuals that differ in one trait.

Question 4

True breeding

Answer 4

Organisms that are homozygous for a particular trait of set of traits and produce offspring that exhibit the same characteristics generation after generation.

Question 5

Dominant allele

Answer 5

Describes a trait which always appears (is expressed) in an individual that is either heterozygous (Aa) or homozygous (AA) for that trait.

Question 6

Recessive allele

Answer 6

Refers to a type of trait that does not appear (is not expressed) in an individual that is heterozygous (Aa) for that trait.

Question 7

Complete dominance

Answer 7

A condition in which the dominant allele of a gene completely conceals the presence of the recessive allele of a gene; an individual with one recessive and one dominant.

Question 8

Law of Segregation

Answer 8

All individuals have two copies of each factor. These copies segregate (separate) randomly during gamete formation, each gamete receives one copy of every factor.
Discrete factors (genes) determine individual traits.
Each individual organism has two copies of each factor.
When gametes (eggs and sperm) are formed, the copies of the factors segregate so that each gamete receives one copy of each factor.
Eggs and sperm fuse randomly. The embryo that develops into a new individual has two copies of each factor - one copy from each parent.

Question 9

Pleoitropic

Answer 9

Gene that influences more than one trait