Inheritance

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

An alternative form of a gene that occurs at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

Term used to denote the entire DNA sequence (gene content) of a gamete, person, population, or species.

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

the genetic constitution of an individual organism

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 5

Autosomal

Answer 5

Pertaining to a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Question 6

Autosome

Answer 6

Chromosomes which are not sex chromosomes

Question 7

Gonosomes

Answer 7

Sex chromosomes

Question 8

Genetics

Answer 8

The study of gene structure and actions and the patterns of inheritance of traits from parent to offspring

Question 9

Gene pool

Answer 9

The stock of different genes in an interbreeding population

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

Two identical alleles for a particular characteristic

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

Two different alleles for a particular characteristic

Question 12

Dominant gene

Answer 12

An allele that is expressed in the phenotype when found in the heterozygous and homozygous condition.

Question 13

Recessive gene

Answer 13

An allele that is shown/masked in the phenotype when found in the heterozygous condition but expressed in the homozygous condition.

Question 14

Filial generations

Answer 14

The first genetic mix of offspring from two parent gene mixes

Question 15

Hybrid

Answer 15

An organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock

Question 16

Purebred

Answer 16

Offspring that are the result of mating between genetically similar kinds of parents

Question 17

Carrier

Answer 17

An individual who is heterozygous for a trait that only shows up in the phenotype of those who are homozygous recessive.

Question 18

Hemophilia

Answer 18

X-linked disease recessive disease in which one or more of the normal blood clotting factors is not produced.

Question 19

Impact of the Human Genome project

Answer 19

Serves as a basis for research in areas, particularly medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and the environment
Accurate diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases
Reduce cost of medical care

Question 20

Transgenic organism

Answer 20

An organism that’s genome has been altered due it receiving foreign DNA via means of Biotechnology

Question 21

Genetic engineering

Answer 21

The direct manipulation of the genes in an organism.

Question 22

Recombinant DNA

Answer 22

Refers to DNA that has been artificially formed by combining constituents from different organisms.

Question 23

Plasmid

Answer 23

A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA

Question 24

Vector

Answer 24

An organism that transfers an isolated gene into a cell

Question 25

Crispr Cas-9

Answer 25

CRISPR-Cas9 is a unique technology that enables researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence.

Question 26

Genetically Modified Organism

Answer 26

A genetically modified organism is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Question 27

Importance of Genetic engineering

Answer 27

Synthesis of medicinal drugs
Production of new crops
Cloning
Stem cell research

Question 28

Process of Insulin production

Answer 28

DNA gene that codes for Insulin production is extracted from healthy pancreatic cells.
Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into segments to isolate a specific gene
E.coli is used to produce insulin
Plasmids are removed from E.coli
Restriction enzymes are used to cut plasmids
Human gene coding for insulin is inserted into plasmid through DNA Ligase.
Plasmid end rejoin and the human gene is no part of Recombinant DNA
The plasmid is placed back into E.coli
E.coli accepts new gene as part of its genetic material and produces insulin
E.coli placed in a fermentation tank where they reproduce rapidly. The insulin is extracted from e.coli, purified and used to treat diabetes.

Question 29

Arguments against cloning

Answer 29

‘Perfect genes’ will likely be based on scientist’s prejudices
Decreases genetic variation
Long term effects on human clones are unknown
New legal implications
Who will control biotechnology

Question 30

Arguments for cloning

Answer 30

Disease may be eliminated from a population
Conservation of threatened species
Production of fit individuals with good genes
Replacement of diseased tissues with healthy cloned ones (Alzheimers/Parkinson’s)