Human reproduction Flashcards
What is the structure of the male reproductive system
Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct Prostate gland Cowper's gland Urethra Penis Vas deferens Epididymis Seminiferous tubules Testis Scrotum
The function of male reproductive system
Produce male gametes
Deposits gametes into the female’s body
Produce male hormones
Structure of female reproductive system
Fallopian tubes Cervix Bladder Uterus Rectum Vagina Vulva Anus
The function of female reproductive system
Produce female gametes
Function of testes
Produces sperm and testosterone
Where are sperm and egg cells produced
They are produced in the germinal epithelium during meiosis which is controlled by hormones.
Structure of sperm cell
Acrosome - Contains lytic enzymes that dissolve yolk membrane of secondary oocyte
nucleus - Contains genetic information of father
mitochondria - Provide energy for locomotion
axial filament - Propels sperm through seminal fluid
Difference between semen and sperm
Sperm - Male reproductive cell
Semen - fluid that is emitted from the male reproductive tract and that contains sperm cells, which are capable of fertilizing the female’s eggs
Difference between erection and ejaculation
Erection - Blood flow increased to the penis to copulation
Ejaculation - Release of semen from penis
Structure of sperm and function of parts
Head - contains haploid nucleus/Acrosome contains enzymes that enable sperm cell to penetrate egg cell
Midpiece - Contains mitochondria that provides energy for sperm to move
Tail - Enables sperm to swim in semen
The menstrual cycle emphasising the roles of FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone and the negative feedback mechanisms
FSH - Secreted by pituitary gland; Causes egg to mature in ovary, stimulates ovary to release oestrogen which stops FSH from being produced to ensure only one egg matures.
LH - Causes mature egg to be released and stimulates the release of progesterone
Oestrogen - Causes endometrium to thicken again after menstruation
Progesterone - Produced by empty follicle; ensures endometrium is maintained
The development of primary follicle into Graafian follicle and ovulation, subsequent events and hormonal changes, and implantation
(FSH) and (LH) cause these primordial follicles to develop. In each ovarian cycle, about 20 primordial follicles are activated to begin maturation. however, normally only one follicle fully matures, and the rest contribute to the endocrine function of the ovary.
The concept of fertilisation: where it occurs, that the zygote becomes an embryo and then a foetus by mitosis
Fertlisation: Takes place in the fallopian tubes
The initiation of labour and birth by changing hormones and other factors. The role of the mammary gland
Mammary gland:
Placenta
The placenta is an organ that develops in your uterus during pregnancy. provides oxygen and nutrients to your growing baby and removes waste products from baby’s blood
