Human reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of the male reproductive system

A
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct
Prostate gland
Cowper's gland
Urethra
Penis
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Seminiferous tubules
Testis
Scrotum
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2
Q

The function of male reproductive system

A

Produce male gametes
Deposits gametes into the female’s body
Produce male hormones

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3
Q

Structure of female reproductive system

A
Fallopian tubes
Cervix
Bladder
Uterus
Rectum
Vagina
Vulva
Anus
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4
Q

The function of female reproductive system

A

Produce female gametes

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5
Q

Function of testes

A

Produces sperm and testosterone

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6
Q

Where are sperm and egg cells produced

A

They are produced in the germinal epithelium during meiosis which is controlled by hormones.

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7
Q

Structure of sperm cell

A

Acrosome - Contains lytic enzymes that dissolve yolk membrane of secondary oocyte
nucleus - Contains genetic information of father
mitochondria - Provide energy for locomotion
axial filament - Propels sperm through seminal fluid

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8
Q

Difference between semen and sperm

A

Sperm - Male reproductive cell
Semen - fluid that is emitted from the male reproductive tract and that contains sperm cells, which are capable of fertilizing the female’s eggs

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9
Q

Difference between erection and ejaculation

A

Erection - Blood flow increased to the penis to copulation

Ejaculation - Release of semen from penis

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10
Q

Structure of sperm and function of parts

A

Head - contains haploid nucleus/Acrosome contains enzymes that enable sperm cell to penetrate egg cell
Midpiece - Contains mitochondria that provides energy for sperm to move
Tail - Enables sperm to swim in semen

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11
Q

The menstrual cycle emphasising the roles of FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone and the negative feedback mechanisms

A

FSH - Secreted by pituitary gland; Causes egg to mature in ovary, stimulates ovary to release oestrogen which stops FSH from being produced to ensure only one egg matures.
LH - Causes mature egg to be released and stimulates the release of progesterone
Oestrogen - Causes endometrium to thicken again after menstruation
Progesterone - Produced by empty follicle; ensures endometrium is maintained

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12
Q

The development of primary follicle into Graafian follicle and ovulation, subsequent events and hormonal changes, and implantation

A

(FSH) and (LH) cause these primordial follicles to develop. In each ovarian cycle, about 20 primordial follicles are activated to begin maturation. however, normally only one follicle fully matures, and the rest contribute to the endocrine function of the ovary.

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13
Q

The concept of fertilisation: where it occurs, that the zygote becomes an embryo and then a foetus by mitosis

A

Fertlisation: Takes place in the fallopian tubes

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14
Q

The initiation of labour and birth by changing hormones and other factors. The role of the mammary gland

A

Mammary gland:

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15
Q

Placenta

A

The placenta is an organ that develops in your uterus during pregnancy. provides oxygen and nutrients to your growing baby and removes waste products from baby’s blood

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16
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Transports nutrients and oxygen to baby’s blood

17
Q

Amnion

A

The amnion is a membranous sac which surrounds and protects the embryo

18
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

cushion the developing foetus from any mechanical injuries, prevents desiccation of the foetus
Ensures that the foetus is maintained at temperature of 37C, support the foetus
Giving buoyancy and freedom to move and so prevents any malformations due to gravity or pressure.
Provide a medium for the foetus to practice swallowing movements.