Inheritance

Question 1

What is a genotype?

Answer 1

The set of genes an organism possesses that represent a characteristic

Question 2

What is a phenotype?

Answer 2

The physical characteristics of an organism coded for by a genotype

Question 3

What is an allele?

Answer 3

A version of a gene

Question 4

What is a locus?

Answer 4

The location of an allele on a chromosome

Question 5

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 5

Unduplicated state

Question 6

What is codominant?

Answer 6

A pair of alleles which are both expressed when present

Question 7

What is monohybrid inheritance?

Answer 7

Inheritance of a single gene

Question 8

What is the basic law of genetics?

Answer 8

In diploid organisms, characteristics are determined by alleles that occur in pairs. Only one of each pair of alleles can be present in a single gamete.

Question 9

What is dihybrid inheritance?

Answer 9

Many characteristics can be inherited together, dihybrid inheritance looks at how 2 characters are inherited

Question 10

What is a gene pool?

Answer 10

A collection of alleles in a particular population

Question 11

What is the allele frequency?

Answer 11

How common that allele is in the population

Question 12

What are the equations for the hardy-weinberg principle?

Answer 12

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

p + q = 1

Question 13

What does p represent in the hw equations?

Answer 13

The frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

Question 14

What q represent in the hw equations?

Answer 14

The frequency of homozygous recessive genotype

Question 15

What does pq represent in the hw equations?

Answer 15

The frequency of the heterozygous genotype

Question 16

How are p and q represented in the hw equations?

Answer 16

As fractions of the population. E.g. in a population of 100, 20 have tails, so p=0.2

Question 17

Why is it better to work out q first?

Answer 17

Because those showing the dominant trait could be heterozygous