Inheritance Flashcards
What is inheritance?
The way in which parents pass on their characteristics to their offspring.
What is genetics?
The study of inheritance
Genes from the father are inside the ______ nucleus.
Genes from the mother are inside the ______ nucleus.
Sperm
Egg
What is fertilization?
When the nucleus of the sperm joins with nucleus of the nucleus of the egg. A new individual grows from the fertilized egg or zygote.
So half of the genes come from the _______ and half come from the _____.
Father
Mother
What is a zygote?
A zygote is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
What do all cells have ?
Nucleus
What does the nucleus contain?
Thread-like chromosomes.
What are chromosomes?
A thread like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of cells which carry genetic information in the form of genes.
How many chromosomes do we have? And how many male and female?
46, 23 male and 23 female.
What is a diploid?
The full number of chromosomes
True or false
DNA is in different shapes and sizes and you can superset them into identical pairs
False, it’s Chromosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes do each of the following organisms have: humans,cats and fruit flies ?
23
19
4
What is each chromosome made up of?
Genes
What are genes?
They carry the genetic information that affects how we grow and what we look like. For example there is a gene for eye colour and height etc.
What would happen if we unravel a chromosome?
We would find an extremely long thread. The thread is made of DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
A single gene is made of a short length of ____. So the long thread that makes up a chromosomes contains ______ of genes.
DNA
Hundreds
What is a DNA molecule made up of?
Thousands of units each called a nucleotide.
What is a single nucleotide made up of?
- a phosphate
- a sugar
- a base
What do the phosphate and sugar molecules do?
Join up to form the backbone of the DNA strand. The bases are attached to the sugar molecules.
DNA is made up of 2 strands of ___________, like a ladder. The sugar and phosphates makes up the _______ Of the ladder and the bases make up the ______. And then the whole molecule is twisted into _______ _______-like a spiral staircase.
Nucleotides
Uprights
Rungs
Double Helix
How are the bases in DNA joined together?
Held together by hydrogen bonds
What are four different bases in DNA?
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
How the bases pair up ?
A and T
C and G
How are hydrogen bonds able to fold the nucleotides together?
There are many of them .
