Inheritance Flashcards
What are gametes?
Sex cells
What is a gene? (2 marks)
A gene is a stand of DNA (1 mark)
That carries a genetic code for a particular characteristic (1 mark)
Where is your genetic information carried?
In the nucleus
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
Where are chromosomes stored?
In the Nucleus
What does DNA look like?
A double helix
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46/ 2 pairs of 23
What type of reproduction only involves one parent?
Asexual reproduction
What does Asexual reproduction create?
Clones
How do our cells reproduce asexually
They divide into two identical cells
What is the male gamete?
Sperm
What is the female gamete?
egg
What do gardeners use to clone plants?
A cutting from the original plant
What is the modern way of cloning called?
Tissue culture
Why is tissue culture better than cloning plants normally?
It guarantees you can produce thousands of offspring from one individual plant
How does cloning animals work? (4 marks)
- Divide each embryo into lots of cells
- Each cell grows into an identical embryo
- Transfer embryos into their host mothers which have hormones for pregnancy
- Clones are born but they’re not biologically related to their mothers
What was the name of the technique used to make Dolly the sheep?
Adult cell cloning
How is adult cell cloning done? (4 marks)
- The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
- Another nucleus is taken from an adult body cell
- The new cell is given an electric shock that makes it start dividing to form embryo cells
- When the embryo has developed into a ball of cells it is inserted into a womb of an adult female to continue development.
How might adult cell cloning be an advantage to animals?
It could save animals from extinction
What is genetic engineering?
Changing the genetic material of an organism
