Inheritance

Question 1

define a gene

Answer 1

a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 2

define an allele

Answer 2

a different form of the same gene

Question 3

define a genotype

Answer 3

alleles in an organism for a particular gene (F/f)

Question 4

define a phenotype

Answer 4

observable characteristics due to the expression of genotypes/alleles

Question 5

Define recessive characteristics

Answer 5

both alleles need to be present in order for the recessive phenotypes to be observed
only expressed if dominant allele is not present (e.g. ff)

Question 6

Define a dominant characteristic

Answer 6

only one allele needs to be present for the dominant phenotype to be observed (e.g. Ff)

Question 7

what is incomplete dominance

Answer 7

when there are two different alleles in the genotype and both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of the organism
(e.g. red flower (RR)+ white flower (rr)= pink flower (Rr)

Question 8

what is co-dominance

Answer 8

when there are two different alleles are in the genotype and both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype. A mix of both dominant and recessive phenotype.
(e.g. red flower (RR) + white flower (rr) = red and white flower (Rr)

Question 9

define homozygous

Answer 9

a genotype where both alleles present at a gene locus are the same (FF, ff)

Question 10

define hetrozygous

Answer 10

a genotype where both alleles present at a locus are different (Ff)

Question 11

define homologous chromosomes

Answer 11

a pair of chromosomes with the centromere and genes in the same positions

Question 12

define a locus

Answer 12

the position of an allele on a chromosome

Question 13

define a carrier

Answer 13

organism with a hetrozygous genotype
one allele for a condition/characteristic but is not expressed in the phenotype (Ff)

Question 14

define monohybrid inheritance

Answer 14

inheritance of one gene is responsible for the expression of the genotype