Translation and genetic code Flashcards
where does translation happen in a cell
outside the nucleus
in cytoplasm on the ribosome
what is translation
process of building a polypeptide chain with the correct amino acid sequence
what is the process of translation
1-
mRNA leaves nucleus and a ribosome attaches a start codon on it
2-
tRNA attaches to a specific amino acid and carries it to ribosome
3-
CBP happens between anticodon on tRNA and codon on mRNA
4-
peptide bond is formed between amino acids in condensation reactions
5-
ribosome moves along mRNA and detaches from mRNA at stop codon
6-
completed polypeptide chain detaches from ribosome
explain what ribosome does during translation
attaches to mRNA start codon
moves along mRNA reading 3 bases at a time
what are the features of an mRNA codon
3 bases on mRNA which code for one specific amino acid
codon binds to specific complementary tRNA anticodon
what are the features of tRNA during translation
carries a specific amino acid to ribosome
has 3 base anticodon which binds to specific codon on mRNA
what is the roll of a start codon
signals start of polypeptide chain (translation)
recognised by ribosome as a place to bind to mRNA
what is the roll of a stop codon
recognised by ribosome to stop translation
place where ribosome detaches from mRNA
end of polypeptide chain
what is a codon
sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for one specific amino acid
what is an anticodon
sequence of three bases on tRNA which bind to complementary codon on mRNA
what are the three genetic codes
triplet code
degenerate code
non-overlapping code
what is the triplet code
that three bases codes for one amino acid
what is the degenerate code
more than one triplet code can code for the same amino acid (most amino acids have more than one triplet that codes for it)
what is the non-overlapping code
each base is only part of one triplet
