inheritance Flashcards
what is an allele
a version of a gene
what is a dominant allele
represented by capital letter, gene the shows up on phenotype
what is recessive allele
represented by small letter, other allele present in gene
what is a genotype
combination of allele
homozygous dominant
both dominant alleles are present
homozygous recessive
both recessive alleles are present
what is heterozygous
two different forms of the allele are present
what is a phenotype
the outward appearance of the individual
what is polygenic inheritance
characteristic controlled by MANY genes
what is monogenic inheritance
a characteristic controlled by ONE gene
what is codominance
neither allele is dominant or recessive
how many phenotypes can be expressed in codominance
3
describe a natural selection question
m - mutation
v - variation in the population
a - advantage (link to q)
r - reproduce
p - pass on allele
s - through several generations
why does bacterial resistance happen
1) a bunch of bacteria include a resistant variety
2) are bathed in antibiotics
3) most normal die bar the resistant
4) that one multiply and become more common
5) eventually entire infection become resistant
if an individual had the genotype IBIo, what is their phenotype
blood group B
what is the genome
all the of DNA in an organism
what happens in translation
1) mRNA attaches to the ribosome and reads first codon
2) a tRNA molecule with anticodon attaches to complementary mRNA codon
3) the tRNA has an amino acid attached to it which creates a peptide bond with the next tRNA molecule forming a polypeptide chain
what can cause mutations
ionising radiation, chemicals and faulty DNA replication
what is a mutation
a random change in base sequence of DNA
what does the sugar and phosphate make up in DNA nucleotide
sugar-phosphate backbone
genotype for females
XX
what is a gene
a section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a protein
difference between RNA and DNA
RNA: ribose sugar, uracil, single stranded, short and linear
DNA: deoxyribose sugar, thymine, double stranded helix
what scientist bred peas together
gregor mendel
4 bases in DNA
Adenine, Thymine
Guanine, Cytosine
what is DNA nucleotide made up of
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group and 1of4 nitrogenous base
what is tRNA
TRANSFER RNA
what happens in transcription
1) DNA helices breaks the double helix of DNA
2) RNA nucleotides attach to the exposed DNA nucleotides
3) RNA polymerase then joins the RNA nucleotides to form mRNA
what is mRNA
MESSENGER RNA
