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Anaesthesiology > Inhalational Induction Agents > Flashcards

Inhalational Induction Agents Flashcards

1
Q

The stages of anaesthesia are:

A

i) Analgesia
ii) Disinhibition
iii) Surgical Anaesthesia
iv) Medullary depression

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2
Q

All inhalation induction agents are naturally in a liquid form except?

A

Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)

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3
Q

Properties of an ideal inhalation agent include:

A
  • Rapid onset of action
  • Rapid onset of recovery
  • Rapid emergence
  • Cheap
  • Non-combustible
  • Should have limited emetic effects
  • Should not undergo biotransformation in the body
  • Should cause reversible CNS effects.
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4
Q

What is MAC?

A

MAC is the minimum concentration of a drug in the alveolar at standard condition (i.e. 1 atmosphere) required to put 50% of patients to sleep.

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5
Q

Group these factors that affect MAC by their resultant action. Whether they decrease or increase MAC.
Thyrotoxicosis, Myxoedema, Hypertension, Hypothermia, Hypotension, Hyperthermia, Chronic opiod abuse, sedatives, Acute alcohol intoxication.

A

I) Increases MAC

  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperthermia
  • Chronic opoid abuse

II) Decreases MAC

  • Myxoedema
  • Hypotension
  • Hypothermia
  • Sedatives
  • Acute alcohol intoxication
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6
Q

The measure of solubility of a gas in blood is known as?

A

Blood Gas Coefficient.

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7
Q

What is the relationship Blood Gas Coefficient and the onset of action on inhalation induction agents?

A

BCG is INVERSELY proportional to the onset of action of inhalation induction agents.

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8
Q

What is the mathematical relationship between MAC and potency of an inhalation induction agent?

A

MAC is INVERSELY proportional to the potency of an inhalational induction agent.

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9
Q

What is the mathematical relationship between the rate of inhalation/ventilation of an inhalational induction agent to its rate of onset.

A

The rate of inhalation is DIRECTLY proportional to the rate of onset.

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10
Q

What is the mathematical relationship between the arteriovenous concentration gradient of a drug to it’s onset of action?

A

AVG is DIRECTLY proportional to the onset of action

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11
Q

The common inhalational induction agents are:

A
  • Desflurane
  • Isoflurane
  • Halothane
  • Ether
  • Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)
  • Servoflurane
  • Enflurane
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12
Q

What is the MAC of Isoflurane?

A

1.2

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13
Q

What is the MAC of Desflurane?

A

6.0

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14
Q

What is the MAC of Servoflurane?

A

1.7

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15
Q

What is the MAC of Enflurane?

A

1.7

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16
Q

What is the MAC of N₂O?

A

104

17
Q

What is the MAC of Halothane?

A

0.75

18
Q

What is the MAC value of Ether?

A

1.92

19
Q

A pungent and easily flammable induction agent with a MAC value of 1.92 which is obsolete now is?

A

Ether

20
Q

The effects if Ether on the GI system are:

A

i. Ether causes increased salivation and GI atony

ii. Ether cause nausea and vomiting

21
Q

The inhalation induction agent associated with coronary steal syndrome is?

A

Isoflurane

22
Q

The inhalation induction agent with the least amount being metabolised is?

A

Isoflurane (0.2%)

23
Q

Halothane Hepatoxicity presents as:

A
  1. Mild liver dysfunction and deranged liver function test

2. Jaundice leading to fulminating liver necrosis

24
Q

Risk factors for Halothane Helatotoxicity are:

A
  1. Female sex
  2. Obesity and middle age
  3. Multiple exposure to halothane ina 28 day span
25
Q

Halothane and Enflurane are contraindicated for neurosurgery because:

A

The cause an increase in CBF and lCP.

26
Q

Which inhalational induction agent depresses the myocardium and sentizes the heart to the action of cathecolamines therefore bringing about the possibility of arrythmias

A

Halothane

27
Q

The inhalation agent contraindicated in epileptic patients due to it’s ability to cause epileptiform paroxysmal spike activity especially in cases of hypocapnia is

A

Enflurane

28
Q

The inhalation agents with pleasant scents are:

A

1) Halotthane
2) Enflurane
3) Servoflurane

29
Q

Which agent has the least effect on ventilation of all the volatile anaesthetics in current use?

A

Servoflurane

Anaesthesiology (4 decks)

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