Group A Questions Flashcards
5 reasons for preassessment
1) To plan anaesthetic technique
2) To anticipate possible complications
3) To evaluate patient’s overall health status
4) To reduce mortality
5) To confirm that anticipated benefits outweigh the risks
3 uses of Oropharangeal airway,
1) To prevent biting of tongue
2) To support endotracheal tube
3) Maintain airway patentcy in an unconscious patient
4) For suctioning
5) A conduit for fibre optic intubation
Spinal needle use, 5 contraindications of spinal anaesthesia
Uses:
i) Spinal anaesthesia for surgery
ii) Lumbar puncture for diagnosis
iii) Used as contrast media for myelography
iv) Used for delivering antibiotics
Contraindications I) Patient refusal II) Hypovolemia III) Coagulopathy IV) Sepsis at injection site V) Increased intracranial pressure
5 limitations of pulse oximetry
1) Electromagnetic energy from other devices can interfere with pulse oximeters leading to erroneous readings
2) Due to the fact that subjects recruited for calibration of such devices are young healthy adults the use of these devices for patients at age extremes have been questioned
3) The accuracy of pulse oximeters is limited by the use of only two wavelengths.
4) Intravenously administered dyes can cause errors due to their absorbance properties
5) In low perfusion states, pulse oximeters can not adequately distinguish between arterial pulsations and background noise so it give inaccurate or delayed readings.
0.5% bupivacaine, calculate max dose for a 50kg man
Dose of Bupivacaine is 2mg/kg
0.5% Bupivacaine = 5mg/ml
Weight of man = 50kg
Thus:
Safe dose for man in mg (SD₁) = 50kg x 2mg/kg
= 100mg
Safe dose for man in ml (SD₂) = SD₁/(5mg/ml)
= 100mg/(5mg/ml)
= 20ml
Propofol, thiopotone and ketamine
Which is ideal for asthmatics?
Advantages of propofol over thiopentone
Ketamine is ideal for asthmatics
Advantages of Propofol over Thiopentone
- Propofol is safe in porphyria
- Propofol causes a significant reduction in airway and pharyngeal reflexes so it’s the drug of choice for laryngeal mask airway
- No crystals are formed when propofol is mixed with muscle relaxant so there’s no need to flash before giving muscle relaxants
Atracurium, pancuronium, vecuronium and rocuronium
I) Which one is contraindicated in hypertensive patients?
II) Which is contraindicated in patients with kideny disease
III) Name a depolarising nm blocker
I) Pancuronium
II) Pancuronium
III) Suxamethonium
5 qualities of a good cpr
1) Chest compressions should start within 10 secs after cardiac arrest has been diagnosed
2) Chest compressions should be fast, 100-120 compressions within a minute.
3) Allow for full chest recoil after each compression.
4) The should be no interference of compression that lasts for more than 10 secs
5) Chest compressions should be deep, 5-6cm deep
Features of a person predictive of a difficult intubation
1) Abnormally large breasts
2) Deviation of trachea
3) Stiffness of cervical spine
4) Thick short neck
5) Mallampati score III, IV
3 parts of the anesthesia machine and function of any two
1) O₂ Flow Meter
Used to control the amount of O₂ being delivered to patient
2) Vapouriser
Convert liquids into gases for inhalation
3) Monitor
Helps to view vital signs
4) CO₂ absorber
Absorbs expired CO₂ during anaesthesia
5) Resevoir Bag
Used to manually ventilate patient
3 parts of an endotrachreal tube and functions of any 2
1) Pilot line
Conduit for air into cuff
2) Radiography line
X-ray visualization
3) Universal Connector
Connects ET Tube to anaesthesia
4) Bevel
5) Murphy’s eye
Nonbreather nose mask, it’s FiO2 and administrative dose
FiO₂- 60-90%
Administrative dose = 70% at 10L/m
Essence of preoxygenation
- Increase oxygen reserves to prevent hypoxemia during apnoea
- To remove nitrogen from the airway
65kg man has 10% water loss, calculate fluid deficit
Mass loss = 65 x 10%
= 6.5kg
1kg = 1 L
6.5kg = (6.5kg x 1L)/1kg
= 6.5kgL/1kg
= 6.5L
There Fluid deficit is 6.5LSubquestion
Factors affecting fluid flow (infusion)
1) Pressure gradient
2) Length of cannula
3) Size of cannula
