Inguinal Region and Retroperitoneal structures Flashcards
Direction of inguinal canal
Inferomedial
Position of inguinal canal in relation to inguinal ligament
Superior and parallel
The inguinal canal serves as a pathway for structures from the … to the …
Abdominal wall
External genitalia
Superior boundary of the inguinal canal
Transversalis fascia
Internal oblique muscles
Transversus abdominus muscles
Posterior boundary of the inguinal canal
Transversalis fascia
Inferior boundary of the inguinal canal
Inguinal ligament
Lacunar ligament
Anterior boundary of the inguinal canal
Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles
Internal oblique muscles
What makes up the deep ring of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
The deep ring of the inguinal canal is … , the superficial ring is … and marks the end of the canal
Internal
External
All possible contents of the inguinal canal
Spermatic cord
Round ligament
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Contents of inguinal canal in males
Spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Contents of inguinal canal in females
Round ligament
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Kidneys:
Vertebral position of kidneys
T12-L3
Kidneys:
Which of the kidneys typically lies lower and why?
Right
Presence of the liver
Kidneys:
Layers of fat and fascia around the kidneys from deep to superficial
Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat
Kidneys:
Two main divisions of renal parenchyma
Outer- cortex
Inner- medulla
Kidneys:
The … extends into the … dividing it into triangular shapes known as …
Cortex
Medulla
Pyramids
Kidneys:
The apex of a renal pyramid is known as a …
Renal papilla
Kidneys:
Each renal papilla is associated with a structure known as the … which collects urine from the …
Minor calyx
Pyramid
Kidneys:
Several minor calices merge to form a …
Major calyx
Kidneys:
Urine passes through the major calices into the … , a flattened and funnel shaped structure. It then drains into the …
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Kidneys:
The medial margin of each kidney is marked by a deep fissure known as the … . The … and … enter/exit via this structure
Renal hilum
Renal vessels, ureter
Kidneys:
The kidneys are supplied with blood via the… which arise directly from the … immediately distal to the origin of the…
Renal arteries
Abdominal aorta
SMA
Kidneys:
Which renal artery is longer and why?
Right
Crosses IVC as abdominal aorta lies slightly to the left
Kidneys:
Divisions of the renal artery
Renal artery to anterior and posterior division to segmental arteries to interlobular arteries to arcuate arteries
Kidneys:
At the … level, the renal artery forms ananteriorand aposteriordivision, which carry …% and …% of the blood supply to the kidney, respectively
Hilum
75
25
Kidneys:
The kidneys are drained of venous blood by the left and right… veins. They leave the renal hilum … to the renal arteries, and empty directly into the …
Renal
Anteriorly
IVC
Kidneys:
Lymph from the kidney drains into the… lymph nodes, which are located at the origin of …
Lateral aortic
The renal arteries
Ureters:
The ureters arise from the… which receives urine from the … The point at which the renal pelvis narrows to form the ureter is known as the…
Renal pelvis
Major calices
Ureteropelvic junction
Ureters:
Upon reaching the bladder wall, the ureters pierce its lateral aspect in anobliquemanner. This creates a … , where high intramural pressure collapses the ureters – preventing …
Valve
Backflow of urine
What is the arterial supply of the ureter in the abdomen?
Renal artery
Testicular/ovarian artery
Ureteral branches of abdominal aorta
What is the arterial supply of the ureter in the pelvis?
Superior and inferior vesical arteries
Nervous supply to the ureters is delivered via the …, … and … plexuses
Renal
Testicular/ovarian
Hypogastric plexuses
Adrenal Glands:
The adrenal glands secrete … and … hormones
Steroid
Catecholamine
Adrenal Glands:
What type of gland?
Endocrine- directly into blood
Adrenal Glands:
What shape is the left gland?
What shape is the right gland?
Semi lunar
Pyramidal
Adrenal Glands:
What are the 3 parts each gland consists of?
Outer connective tissue capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Adrenal Glands:
What are the 3 regions of the cortex from superficial to deep?
Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
Adrenal Glands:
What are the 3 main arteries to each gland
Superior adrenal artery– arises from the inferior phrenic artery
Middle adrenal artery– arises from the abdominal aorta.
Inferior adrenal artery– arises from the renal arteries
Innervation of the adrenal glands
Coeliac plexus
Greater splanchnic nerves
