Anterior of Arm, Forearm, Wrist and Hand Flashcards
The proximal aspect of the humerus articulates with the … of the scapula forming the … joint
Glenoid fossa
Glenohumeral joint
Distally, at the elbow joint, the … of the humerus articulates with the … of the radius
Capitulum
Head
Distally, at the elbow joint, the … of the humerus articulates with the … of the ulna
Trochlea
Trochlear notch
The ulna lies … and parallel to the radius
Medially
Olecranon is a large projection of the ulna which can be palpated as the tip of the elbow. The … attaches to its superior surface
Triceps brachii
The trochlear notch is formed by the … and …
Olecranon, coronoid process
The radial notch of the ulna is located on the … surface of the … and articulates with the head of the radius
Lateral
Trochlear notch
The ulna tuberosity is a roughening immediately distal to the … where the … attaches
Coronoid process
Brachialis
At the wrist the radius articulates with the …
Carpal bones
Name the carpal bones
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Each finger has … metacarpal and … phalanges
Except for the thumb which has …
1, 3
2 phalanges
The joint capsule of the elbow is strengthened by ligaments medially and laterally. Name them
Annular ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
The radial collateral ligament is on the … side of the joint, extending from the … and blending with the …
Lateral
Lateral epicondyle
Annular ligament
The ulnar collateral ligament is on the … side of the joint, extending from the …. and attaching to the …
Medial
Medial epicondyle
Coronoid process and olecranon (of ulna)
The arterial supply of the upper limb is delivered via five main vessels. List them proximally to distally
Subclavian Axillary Brachial Radial Ulnar
The 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
What is the innervation of the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the arterial supply of the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm
Muscular branches of the brachial artery
Origins and attachments of biceps brachii
Long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Short head originates from from the coracoid process of the scapula
Both heads insert distally into the radial tuberosity
Function of biceps brachii
Supination of the forearm
It also flexes the arm at the elbow and shoulder
Origins and attachments of coracobrachialis
Originates from the coracoid process of the scapula
Attaches to medial side of the humerus at the level of the deltoid tubercle
Function of coracobrachialis
Flexion of the arm at the shoulder and weak adduction
Origins and attachments of brachialis
Originates from the medial and lateral surfaces on humeral shaft
Inserts in the ulna tuberosity
Function of brachialis
Flexion at the elbow
Name the 4 superficial muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
All 4 superficial muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from a common tendon which arises from the …
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Origin and attachments of flexor carpi ulnaris
Originates from the medial epicondyle and has a long origin from the ulna
Attaches to the pisiform carpal bone
Action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexion and adduction at the wrist
Innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
Origin and attachments of palmaris longus
Originates from the medial epicondyle
Attaches to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist
Action of palmaris longus
Flexion at the wrist
Innervation of palmaris longus
Median nerve
Origin and attachments of flexor carpi radialis
Originates from the medial epicondyle
Attaches to the base of metacarpals II and III
Action of flexor carpi radialis
Flexion and abduction at the wrist
Innervation of flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve
Origins and attachments of pronator teres
Originates from both the medial epicondyle and the coronoid process of the ulna
Attaches laterally to the mid shaft of the radius
Action of pronator teres
Pronation of the forearm
Innervation of pronator teres
Median nerve
Name the only intermediate muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origins and attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis
One head originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the other from radius
The muscle splits into 4 tendons at the wrist which go through the carpal tunnel and attach to the middle phalanges of the 4 fingers
Action of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers
Flexes at the wrist
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
Name the 3 deep muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus
Origins and attachments of flexor digitorum profundus
Originates from the ulna and associated interosseous membrane
The muscle splits into 4 tendons at the wrist which go through the carpal tunnel and attach to the distal phalanges of the 4 fingers
Action of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexion at the distal interphalangeal joints
Flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints
Flexion at the wrist
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
Medial half is innervated by the ulnar nerve, lateral half is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve
Origins and attachments of flexor pollicus longus
Originates from the anterior surface of the radius and surrounding interosseous membrane
Attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Action of flexor pollicus longus
Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
Innervation of flexor pollicus longus
Median nerve
Origins and attachments pronator quadratus
Originates from the anterior surface of the ulna
Attaches to the anterior surface of the radius
Action of pronator quadratus
Pronates the forearm
Innervation of pronator quadratus
Anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve
The … muscles are 3 short muscles located at the base of the thumb. The muscle bellies form a bulge known as the … eminence
Thenar
All 3 thenar muscle are innervated by …
The median nerve
Origins and attachments of opponens pollicis
Originates from the tubercle of the trapezium and the associated flexor retinaculum
Attaches to the lateral margin of the metacarpal of the thumb
Action of opponens pollicis
Opposes the thumb
Origins and attachments of abductor pollicis brevis
Originates from the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium and the associated flexor retinaculum
Attaches to the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions of abductor pollicis brevis
Abducts the thumb
Origins and attachments of flexor pollicis brevis
Originates from the tubercle of the trapezium and from associated flexor retinaculum
Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Action of flexor pollicis brevis
Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
The hypothenar muscles are similar to the thenar muscles in both name organisation but lie on the … side of the palm, they produce the hypothenar eminence at the base of …
Medial
The little finger
Innervation of all 3 hypothenar muscles
Ulnar nerve
Origin and attachments of opponens digiti minimi
Originates from hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum
Attaches to the medial margin of metacarpal V
Action of opponens digiti minimi
Rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm (opposition)
Origin and attachments of abductor digiti minimi
Originated from pisiform and the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
Action of abductor digiti minimi
Abduction of little finger
Origins and attachments of flexor digiti minimi brevis
Originates from the hook of hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum
Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
Action of flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint of the little finger
There are four … in the hand, each associated with a finger
Lumbricals
Origin and attachment of the lumbricals
Originates from a tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
Inserts into the extensor hood
Actions of the lumbricals
Flex at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend at interphalangeal joint of each finger
Innervation of the lumbricals
Lateral two- Median nerve
Medial two- Ulnar nerve
The … are a group of 3 (sometimes 4) paired intrinsic muscles between the metacarpals
Palmar interossei
Origin and attachments of the palmar interossei muscles
Originate from a medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal
Inserts into extensor hood
Actions of the palmar interossei muscles
Adducts the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint
Innervation of the palmar interossei muscles
Ulnar nerve
The … is a large triangular muscle with two heads. The radial artery passes through the space between the two heads forming the …
Adductor pollicis
Deep palmar arch
Origins and attachments of the adductor pollicis
One head originates from metacarpal III, the other from the capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III
Attaches into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions of adductor pollicis
Adduction of the thumb
Innervation of adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
