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HAE - Quiz 4 > Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A
  • the inferior margin of the aponeruosis of the external oblique that extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle and is folded under itself creating a thickening
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2
Q

Pubic Tubercle

A
  • a rounded elevation on the superior ramus of the pubic
  • serves as a site of attachment for the inguinal ligament
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3
Q

Inguinal Canal

A
  • a canal through the abdominal wall where the testis travels from the posterior abdominal wall into the scrotum
  • extends from the Deep (internal) Inguinal Ring to the Superficial (external) Inguinal Ring
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4
Q

Boundaries of the Inguinal Canal

A

Inferior Aspect - portion of the inguinal ligament

Superior Aspect - arching fibers of the internal oblique and the transversus abdonimus

Anterior Wall - external oblique aponeurosis

Posterior Wall - Transversalis Fascia and conjoint tendon

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5
Q

Deep Inguinal Ring

A
  • internal opening of the inguinal canal
  • through the transversalis fascia
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6
Q

Superficial Inguinal Ring

A
  • external opening of the inguinal canal
  • through the apononurosis of the external oblique
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7
Q

Inside the Inguinal Canal

A

Males - spermatic cord

Females - round ligament

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8
Q

Spermatic Cord

A
  • results from the descent of the testis into the scrotum
  • during descent, testic brings its blood supply, nerves, lymphatics, and vas deferens
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9
Q

Fascial Coverings of the Spermatic Cord

A
  • due to the abdominal wall being “pushed” out during the descent of the testis

External Spermatic Fascia - External Oblique

Cremasteric Muscle and Fascia - Internal Oblique

Internal Spermatic Fascia - Transversalis Fascia

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10
Q

Sructures within the Spermatic Cord

A
  • Vas Deferens
  • Testicular Artery
  • Artery of the Vas
  • Pampiniform Plexus of Veins
  • Processus Vaginalis (obliterated peritoneum)
  • Nerves
  • Lymphatics
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11
Q

Purpose of Pampiniform Plexus

A
  • plexus of veins surrounding the testicular artery
  • important counter-current thermo-regulatory function
  • absorbs some of the heat from the artery so it does not go to the testes
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12
Q

Hernias

A
  • protrusions of structure through tissues that normally contain them
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13
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernia

A
  • protrude through the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s Triangle)

(medial to the inferior epigastric vessels)

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14
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernias

A

-pass through internal (deep) inguinal ring and thus reside in the spermatic cord coverings

(lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels)

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15
Q

Tour de Testis

A
  1. Transversalis Fascia → Internal Spermatic Fascia
  2. Internal Oblique → Cremasteric Musle
  3. External Oblique → External Spermatic Fascia
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16
Q

Abdominal Wall Layers

A

(From External to Internal)

Skin → Camper’s Fascia → Scarpa’s Fascia → External Oblique → Internal Oblique → Transversus Abdominus → Transversalis Fascia → Peritoneum

17
Q

Borders of the Inguinal Triangle

A

Medial - Rectus Abdominus (semilunar line)

Lateral - Inferior Epigastric Vessels

Inferiorly - Inguinal Ligament

18
Q

Inferior Epigastric Vessels

(course)

A
  • travel along the posterior aspect of the rectus abdominus
  • penetrate the transversalis fascia inferior to the arcuate line
19
Q

Gonads

A

Male - testes

Female - ovaries

20
Q

Development of Gonads

(location)

A
  • near posterior abdominal wall
21
Q

Testicular Arteris

A
  • arise directly from the aorta in the superior portion of the abdoinal cavity (near embryonic origin of testes)
  • are “dragged” into the scrotum as the testes descend
22
Q

Testicular Descent

  • relationship to peritoneal cavity
A
  • testes descend posterior to the periotoneal cavity
23
Q

Processus Vaginalis

A
  • an outpouching of the peritoneal cavity

(inferiour portion)

  • proximal portion of the tunica vaginalis obliterates
  • distal portion becomes the tunica vaginalis
24
Q

Tunica Vaginalis

A
  • distal portion of the tunica vaginalis that partially invaginates the testes during their descent
  • cover the anterior portion of the testes
25
Q

Layers of the Tunica Vaginalis

A

Posterior layer - visceral tunica vaginalis

Anterior layer - parietal tunica vaginalis

  • usually some fluid between the layers
26
Q

Thermoregulation of Testes

A

Pampiniform Plexus - takes heat from testicular artery

Cremasteric Skeletal Muscle (in spermatic cord) and Dartos Fascia Smooth Muscle (in scrotum) - contract or relax to control the distance of the testes from the inguinal region to regulate temperature

27
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A
  • thick fibrous layer surrounding the testis in the scrotum
  • lies directly below the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis (on the anterior side)
28
Q

Testis

A
  • ovoid organ that is the site of spermatozoa production and male hormones (i.e. testosterone)
29
Q

Tour de Sperm

A

Testis → Seminiferous Tubules → Straight Tubules → Rete Testis → Efferent Ductules → Convoluted Epididymis → Vas Deferens

30
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of the Tested

A
  • to the para-aortic nodes

(i.e. origin of testes)

31
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of the Scrotal Skin

A
  • to the superficial inguinal nodes
32
Q

Hydrocele

A
  • abdnormal accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis
33
Q

Greater Omentum

A
  • fatty fold of peritoneum that drapes inferiorly from the greater curvature of the stomach and lies anterior to the transverse colon and much of the small intenstines
34
Q

Attachment of Small Intestine

A
  • attached to the posterior abdominal wall by mesentery - a double layer of visceral peritoneum

(allows for mobility)

HAE - Quiz 4 (3 decks)

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