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HAE - Quiz 4 > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Iliac Crest

A
  • superior edge of the ilac bone
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2
Q

Location of Superior Portion of Iliac Crest

A
  • L4
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3
Q

Anterior Superior Ilac Spine

A

ASIS

  • the anterior point of the iliac crest
  • serves as a site of muscle attachment
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4
Q

Iliac Fossa

A
  • the shallow area on the anteromedial surface of the iliac bone
  • servies as a site of origin for the iliacus muscle
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5
Q

Arcuate Line

(iliac)

A
  • bony ridge on the ilium that forms part of the pelvic brim
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6
Q

Arcuate Line

(abdominal)

A
  • line that represents the transition of the layers of the rectus sheat
  • created when all three muscular layers pass anterior to the rectus abdominus thus leaving no musclular layers posterior to the rectus muscle
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7
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A
  • joint between the two pelvic bones anteriorly
  • disc is comprised of fibrocartilage
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8
Q

Pubic Crest

A
  • flat area on the superior surface of the public bones
  • serves as site of muscle attachment
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9
Q

Pubic Tubercle

A
  • rounded elevation on the superior ramus of the pubis
  • serves as a site of attachment for the inguinal ligament
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10
Q

Pectineal Line

A
  • a ridge on the pubis that forms part of the pelvic brim
  • continuous with the arcuate line

(Arcuate line on ilium, pectineal line on pubuis)

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11
Q

Sacral Promontory

A
  • the anterior projecting part of the superior edge of the sacrum
  • used as a landmark for pelvic measurements in obstetrics
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12
Q

Landmarks of the Abdominal Wall

A

Superior - Xiphoid Process, Ribs 11 & 12, Costal Margin

Posterior - Lumbar Vertebral Column

Inferior - superior part of the bony pelvis - linea terminalis

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13
Q

Linea Terminalis

A
  • lateral edge of the pelvic inlet
  • comprised of the pubic crest, pectineal line and arcuate line
  • separates the abdomen from the pelvic cavitiy (imaginary)
  • aka Pelvic Brim
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14
Q

Bony Pelvis

A
  • formed by the fusion of three bones:

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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15
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A
  • used to describe where organs are located

Verticle Line - Median Plane

Horizontal Line - Transumbilical Plane

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16
Q

Abdominal Regions

A

Epigastric - superior to the umbilicus

Periumbilical - around the umbilicus

Suprapubic - inferior to the umbilicus, superior to the pubic bone

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17
Q

Umbilicus

A
  • found at L3/L4 vertebral discs
  • located at T10 dermatome
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18
Q

Linea Alba

A
  • midline tendinous structure that forms the medial border of the rectus sheath
  • visible groove down the center of the abdomen
  • created by the aponeuroses of the three layered abdominal muscles
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19
Q

Semilunar Line

A
  • surface indentation that marks the lateral border of the rectus sheath
  • horizontally between are “tendinous intersections”
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20
Q

McBurney’s Point

A
  • 2/3 along a line drawn from the umbilicus to the ASIS
  • markst he position of the cecum and appendix (tenderness or pain indicative of appendicitis)
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21
Q

External Oblique

A
  • outermost muscle layer of the abdominal wall

(fibers towards pubis - hands in pocket)

  • inferior edge folds in on itself to form the inguinal ligament between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle
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22
Q

Internal Oblique

A
  • middle muscle layer of the abdominal wall

(fibers towards xiphoid - 90 degrees from external oblique fibers)

23
Q

Transversus Abdominus

A
  • innermost muscle layer of the abdominal wall deep to the internal oblique

(muscle fibers horizontal)

24
Q

Transversalis Fascia

A
  • layer of the fascia between the abdominal wall muscles and the parietal peritoneum
  • deep to the transcersalis abdominus (above arcuate line, and rectus abdominus below arcuate line)
25
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A
  • muscle of the anterior abdominal wall
  • right and leff extend from the costal margin to the pubic crest on either side of the midline
  • surrounded by aponeurotic sheath bordered medially by the linea alba and laterally by the semilunar line.
26
Q

Abdominal Fascia

A

Skin → Superficial Fascia (fat) → Deep Fascia → Muscles

27
Q

Superficial Fascia

A
  • fat in abdomen; tends to accumulate and be especially thick
  • therefore lower portion of abdomen has two distinct layers of superficial fascia

Camper’s Fascia - fatty layer

Scarpa’s Fascia - membranous layer (different from deep fascia on muscles)

28
Q

Scarpa’s Fascia

A
  • only in the pubic and perineal region
  • at thigh, it fuses with the deep fascia that is continuous with the deep fascia of the abdomen
29
Q

Layered Abdominal Muscle “Sheath”

A
  • aponeuroses of the three layered abdominal muscles contribute to the sheath of the rectus abdominus
30
Q

Origings of Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominus

A

Internal Oblique - lateral 2/3s of inguinal ligament

Transversus Abdominus - lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

31
Q

Tendinous Intersections

(of rectus abdominus)

A
  • where the rectus abdominus has attachments to the anterior layer of the aponeuroses of the abominal muscles (rectus sheath)
32
Q

Rectus Sheath

A
  • made up of aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles

Above the arcuate line:

Anterior - External Oblique Apon. and half of Internal Oblique Apon.

Posterior - other half of Internal Oblique Apon. and Transversus Abdominus Apon.

Below the arcuate line:

All aponeuroses are anterior to rectus abdominus

33
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • serious membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
34
Q

Extraperitoneal Fascia

A
  • fat and loose connective tissue between the transversalis fascia and the parietal peritoneum

Further divided into:

Preperitoneal Fascia - anterior part of the body

Retroperitoneal Fascia - posterior part of body

35
Q

Functions of Abdominal Muscles

A
  • support and protect abdominal viscera
  • compress abdominal contents to increase intra-abdominal pressure (helps with coughing, vomiting, singing, defecation, urination, and child birth).
  • flex the trunk (all except the transverse abdominus)
  • rotates the trunk (obliques only)
  • support for lower back
  • breathing (relax to inspire, contract to expire)
36
Q

Innervation of Abdominal Wall

A
  • includes skin and muscles

T7-L1

Intercostal Nerves - T7-T11

Subcostal Nerve - T12

Iliohypogastric N. - L1

Ilioinguinal N. - L1

(all ventral rami)

37
Q

Abdominal Dermatomes

A

T7 → Inferior to Xiphoid Process

T10 → Umbilicus

T12 → Suprapubic

L1 → upper medial thigh and genitalia

38
Q

Blood Supply to Abdomen

(Overview)

A

Aorta → (bifurcates) R. and L. Common Iliac Arteries

Common Iliac Artery → (bifurcates) Internal and External Iliac Arteries

External Iliac Artery → (becomes) Femoral Artery (in thigh)

39
Q

Abdominal Wall Blood Supply

A

Two major sources:

  • Aorta and Epigastric Arteries
40
Q

Abdominal Wall Blood Supply from Aorta

A

Descending Aorta →

→ Posterior Intercostal Arteries

→ Subcostal Arteries

  • travel around abdominal wall between internal oblique and the transversus abdominus
41
Q

Abdominal Wall Blood Supply from Epigastric Vessels

A

Internal Thoracic Artery → Superior Epigastric Artery (enters superior aspect of rectus abdominus)

External Iliac Artery → Inferior Epigastric Artery (enters inferior aspect of rectus abdominus

  • anastomose with each other and with branches of abdominal aorta
42
Q

Venous Drainage of Abdominal Wall

A

Superficial Veins - drain superficial fascia

Deep Veins - drain muscles and deep tissue

43
Q

Thoracoepigastric Veins

A
  • superficial veins of the abdomen
  • form longitudinal venous channels in superficial fascia

Drainage:

Superiorly - veins of axilla

Inferiorly - veins of the groin

Medially - into veins around umbilicus

44
Q

Deep Veins of Abdomen

A
  • same names as arteries

Drain:

Superiorly - into subclavian vein

Inferiorly - external iliac vein

Posteriorly - into IVC and azygos system

45
Q

Lympatic Drainage of Abdominal Wall

A
  • generally follow veins

Upper half of abomen - drain to axillary nodes

Lower half of abdomen - drain to the inguinal nodes

46
Q

Lympatic Drainage of Deep Abdomen

A
  • drain to lymph nodes located along major vessels

lumbar nodes adjacent to aorta → cisterna chyli → thoracic duct

47
Q

Ligamentum Teres Hepatis

A
  • round ligament of the liver
  • fold in the peritoneum of the fibrous remnant of the umbilical vein
48
Q

Medial Umbilical Fold

A
  • middle fold in the peritoneum
  • remnant of the umbilical arteries
49
Q

Median Umbilical Fold

A
  • fold along the linea alba from the urachus (remnant of allantois oblierates)
  • extrends from the umbilicus to the bladder
50
Q

Lateral Umbilical Fold

A
  • most lateral fold in the peritoneum due to the inferior epigastric vessels (seen before they enter the rectus abdominus)
51
Q

Urachus

A
  • remnant of the allantois obliterates
  • causes median umbilical fold
52
Q

Medial Umbilical Ligaments

A
  • remnant of the umbilical artery
  • causes medial umblical folds
53
Q
A

HAE - Quiz 4 (3 decks)

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