Infrared

Question 1

Infrared

Answer 1

mechanism of heat transfer
uses and effects of cryo/thermotherapy
fall in infrared portion of electromagnetic spectrum

Question 2

Mechanism of heat transfer

Answer 2

1. Conduction- through direct contact
2. Convection- through air/water passing over surface
3. Radiation- from warmer surface to colder surfaces

Question 3

Depth of penetration for
Moist heat
Cryotherapy

Answer 3

heat~1cm

ice/cryo~1-3cm

Question 4

Uses of Infrared modalities

Answer 4

1. Analgesic- decrease pain (gate control)
2. Superficial circulation- brings nutrition, removes internal heat, flush out chemicals that sensitize pain receptors associated w inflammatory response
3. Superficial Muscle spasm- may be reduced by affecting the muscle spindle and gamma system, allow muscle to tolerate passive movements

Question 5

Effects of cryotherapy

Answer 5

1. Local decrease in temperature
2. Local decrease in metabolic rate- decrease in metabolic heat and cell death from hypoxia
3. Decrease perception of pain- gate control and decrease speed of neuron transmission
4. Increased threshold to pain- decrease the excitability of nerve endings
5. Promote local vasoconstriction- prevent formation of edema or hemorrhage
6. Decrease muscle guarding/spasm- decrease sensitivity of muscle spindles, decrease pressure on nerves

Question 6

Frostbite

Answer 6

occurs when tissue reaches 0 degreesC/ 32F

reduce blood flow and cell death

Question 7

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 7

hypersensitivity to cold. tissue ischemia and excessive pain with exposure to cold

Question 8

Cryotherapy treatment time

Answer 8

generally 5-45 min. continue until numbness occurs. depth 3cm or less
after 20 min the skin temp is ~14C. this is the point maximum analgesia and beneficial effect.

Question 9

4 Stages of sensation during cryotherapy

Answer 9

1. cold
2. stinging
3. burning
4. numbness

Question 10

Cryokinetics

Answer 10

combines cold with sub-maximal exercise. not appropriate for acute conditions, only chronic.

Question 11

Thermotherapy effects

Answer 11

1. Local increase in temp
2. Local increase in metabolic rate
3. Decreased perception of pain (gate control)
4. Promote local vasodilation- will increase delivery of oxygen and nutrition. flush out chemicals and metabolites.
5. Decreased muscle spasm and promote muscle relaxation. decrease pressure on nerves and pain.
6. Increases extensibility of soft tissueonly superficially.
7. Decreased viscosity of fluid with decreased joint stiffness

Question 12

Infrared lamp

Answer 12

advantageous bc patient does not touch the unit. do not penetrate more than 1mm

Question 13

Fluidotherapy

Answer 13

dry heat modality that uses suspended air stream forced through cellulose particles. benefit is that is provides heat, massage, sensory stimulation and pressure oscillation. also that the body part can be exercised during treatment

Question 14

Thermotherapy guidelines

Answer 14

generally 10-20 min, depth is 1cm or less.

benefits: increased ROM due to effects on cutaneous nerves with possible reflex inhibition

Question 15

Contraindications

Answer 15

open lesions
temperature sensitivity
compromised circulation
hypersensitivity
Peripheral Vascular disease
Thermal only- acute injuries