INFORMATION WEEK 1 Flashcards
Description: Program instructions and program data stored in bits in RAM.
Term: Information stored in a computer
Description: A system for interpreting information stored in RAM where each bit can be either on (represented by 1) or off (represented by 0).
Term: Binary numbering system
Description: A system for interpreting information stored in RAM that uses base-16 where each digit can be one of 16 possible values (0-9 and A-F).
Term: Hexadecimal numbering system
Description: The most fundamental unit of a modern computer that is either on or off (1 or 0).
Term: Bit
Description: The fundamental addressable unit of RAM consisting of 2 nibbles, with each nibble containing 4 bits.
Term: Byte
Description: Half of a byte that contains 4 bits.
Term: Nibble
Description: A system of numbering based on the number 10, with each digit representing a multiple of a power of 10.
Term: Decimal Value
Description: The representation of a bit as either on (1) or off (0).
Term: Bit Value
Description: The way that different groups of bits stored in the part of RAM associated with a program are addressed.
Term: Memory Model
Note: One byte can store any one of 256 (28) possible values in the form of a bit string, with the equivalent decimal values ranging from 0 to 255.
Note: One byte can store any one of 256 (28) possible values in the form of a bit string, with the equivalent decimal values ranging from 0 to 255.
Definition: The natural size of the execution environment, consisting of an integral number of bytes and typically the size of the CPU’s general registers. Word size varies from CPU to CPU.
Term: Word
Definition: A numbering system (base 16) used for organizing information, more convenient than the decimal system. Two hexadecimal digits hold the information stored in one byte.
Term: Hexadecimal
Definition: The linear organization of information stored in RAM, accessible through a map that treats each physical memory location as a position in a continuous sequence of locations.
Term: Memory Model
Definition: Each byte of RAM has a unique address, with addressing starting at zero, being sequential, and ending at the address equal to the size of RAM less 1 unit.
Term: Addresses
Definition: The smallest unit of addressable memory in RAM, with each byte having its own unique address. RAM is byte-addressable.
Term: Bytes
Definition: Abbreviations for sets of bytes, including kilobyte (k), megabyte (M), gigabyte (G), terabyte (T), petabyte (P), and exabyte (E), with each set consisting of a multiplication factor of 1024.
Term: Sets of Bytes
Definition: The maximum size of memory that the CPU can access, depending on the size of its address registers, with the highest accessible address being the largest address that an address register can hold.
Term: Limit on Addressability
Definition: Errors that occur when attempting to execute data or overwrite an instruction in RAM, caused by certain architectures assigning data read and write permissions while assigning instructions read and execute permissions. Such errors report an error and are called segmentation faults.
Term: Segmentation Faults
