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COSC 1301 > Information Technology, the Internet, and You > Flashcards

Information Technology, the Internet, and You Flashcards

1
Q

What is Software?

A

purpose is to convert data(unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).
Tells computer how to do its work.

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2
Q

System Software

A

Enables application software to interact with computer hardware. “Background” software helps computer manage own internal resources.

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3
Q

Types of system software

A

Operating Systems and Utilities

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4
Q

Operating Systems

A

Coordinates computer resources, provide interface between users and computer, and run applications.

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5
Q

Types of Operating Systems

A

Embedded operating systems (mobile devices), stand-alone operating systems(windows 10/macOS), network operating systems(networks)

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6
Q

Utilities

A

Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources (antivirus programs)

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7
Q

Application Software

A

End-user software

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8
Q

Types of Application Software

A

General-purpose, specialized, apps

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9
Q

General-purpose applications

A

Widely used. Includes word processors, spreadsheets, etc.

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10
Q

Specialized applications

A

Focus on specific disciplines and occupations

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11
Q

Mobile applications

A

Small programs primarily designed for mobile devices

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12
Q

Hardware

A

Equipment that processed data to create information. Controlled by software to follow instructions to accept input, process input, and produce information

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13
Q

Types of computers

A

Super computers, Mainframe computers, Midrange computers, Personal computers

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14
Q

Super computers

A

Most powerful type of computer. Used by large organizations to process massive amounts of data.

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15
Q

Mainframe computers

A

In specially wire, air-conditioned rooms. Not as powerful as supercomputers. Still capable of great processing speeds and data storage.

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16
Q

Midrange computers (Servers)

A

Processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe but better than personal computer. Used to support or serve end users for specific needs.

17
Q

Personal Computer

A

Least powerful, widely used, fastest growing. Desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearables.

18
Q

Personal Computer Hardware

A

System unit, input/output, Secondary storage, communication

19
Q

System Unit (PC)

A

Houses most of electronic components. Two important components: Microprocessors and memory

20
Q

Microprocessors (PC)

A

controls and manipulates data to produce information.

21
Q

Memory (PC)

A

Holding area for data, instructions, and information.

22
Q

Random-access memory (RAM)

A

Holds program and data currently being processed. Sometimes referred as temporary storage (contents will typically be lost if power is lost).

23
Q

Input

A

Translate data and programs that humans understand to a form that computers can process. Mouse and Keyboard.

24
Q

Output

A

Translate processed information from computer to form humans can understand. Monitor.

25
Q

Secondary Storage

A

Holds data and programs even after power is off. Hard disks, Solid-state storage, and Optical discs

26
Q

Hard disks

A

Store programs and large data files. Uses rigid metallic platters and read/write heads that move across platters and stores data and information using magnetic charges on surface.

27
Q

Solid-state storage

A

No moving parts, more reliable, requires less power. Saves data and information similar to RAM except not volatile.

28
Q

Optical Discs

A

Laser technology to store data and programs. CDs, DVDs, Bluray

29
Q

Communication

A

Routinely communicates with other computer systems using internet.

30
Q

Modem

A

Communication device that modifies audio, video, and other types of data into a form than can be transmitted across the internet.

31
Q

Data

A

Raw, unprocessed facts. Processed data yields information.

32
Q

Types of data

A

Document files (word processors), worksheet files (Spreadsheets), database files (Management programs), presentation files (save presentation materials).

33
Q

Internet

A

Connects people and computers. Expands capability and usefulness of information systems

34
Q

Network

A

Communication system connecting two or more computers

35
Q

Web

A

Provides multimedia interface to numerous resources available on the internet

36
Q

Driving factors on impact of technology

A

Cloud computing, wireless communication, Internet of Things (IoT).

37
Q

Cloud computing

A

Shift many computer activities from user’s computer to computers on the internet. Connect to cloud and access more powerful computers, software, and storage.

38
Q

Internet of Things (IoT)

A

Continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. Connect all types of devices.

39
Q

Procedures

A

Rules for people to follow when using software (manuals)

COSC 1301 (4 decks)

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