information technology management midterm Flashcards
Describe the COUNTBLANK function.
counts the number of empty cells in a given range
=COUNTBLANK(range)
Describe the UNIQUE function.
returns a list of unique values in a range or array
=UNIQUE(array,[by_col],[exactly_once])
if by_col set to TRUE, returns unique columns
if by_col set to FALSE or omitted, returns unique rows
if exactly_once set to TRUE, returns values that appear only once
if exactly_once set to FALSE, returns all distinct values
Describe the ROUND function.
rounds a number to a specified number of digits
=ROUND(number,num_digits)
if num_digits is negative, rounds number to the nearest multiple (if num_digits = -2, rounds number to the nearest multiple of 100)
Describe the NOT function.
returns the opposite of a given logical or Boolean value
=NOT(logical_value)
logical_value will always return either TRUE or FALSE
What does the Freeze Panes feature do?
locks specific rows or columns in place, ensuring that no matter how far you scroll, they remain visible
What does the Auto Fill feature do?
when you start to type a recognizable sequence, Excel can predict and automatically fill in the next values for you
What does the Flash Fill feature do?
Excel automatically recognizes patterns and does the work for you
What does the Data Validation feature do?
allows you to set specific criteria for the data that can be entered into a cell
Describe the XLOOKUP function.
=XLOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_array,return_array,[if_not_found],[match_model],[search_model])
if_not_found returns the text specified if valid match is not found
if match_mode set to 0, Excel will look for an exact match and will return 0 if not found (0 can also be an error message)
if match_mode set to -1, Excel will look for an exact match and will return the next smaller item if not found
if match_mode set to 1, Excel will look for an exact match and will return the next larger item if not found
if search_mode set to 1, Excel will perform a search starting at the first item
if search_mode set to -1, Excel will perform a search starting at the last item
Describe what each parameter (Set cell, To value, By changing cell) does in Excel’s Goal Seek feature.
Set cell: contains the formula, the goal
To value: the value you want the formula to achieve
By changing cell: the cell containing the input you are willing to adjust to reach your goal
Describe what Excel’s Data Table feature does.
one-way data table = values are listed in a column or a row
two-way data table = values are listed in a column and a row
To figure out what to input in the Row input cell and the Column input cell in a Data Table, look at the table you created to identify which values are in the rows and which are in the columns. Then, check the corresponding cell references from your inputs and these cell references are what you input in the Data Table.
Describe the FV function.
=FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type])
look at pmt/how it’s compounded for rate and nper
pmt always negative
type 0 = at the end of the period
type 1 = at the beginning of the period
Describe the PV function.
=PV(rate,nper,pmt,[fv],[type])
look at pmt/how it’s compounded for rate and nper
Describe the PMT function.
=PMT(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type])
look at type of payment for rate and nper
Describe the DATE function.
=DATE(year,month,day)
if converted to a number, this number is the number of days since January 1, 1900
Describe the DAY function.
=DAY(serial_number)
Describe the MONTH function.
=MONTH(serial_number)
Describe the TODAY function.
=TODAY()
will return today’s date
Describe the YEAR function.
=YEAR(serial_number)
Describe the CONCAT function.
combines multiple text strings into one
=CONCAT(text1,[text2],…)
you can add a blank space between strings by doing “ “
Describe the FIND function.
=FIND(find_text,within_text,[start_number])
start_number will specify the position in the within_text where the search will start
the function is case-sensitive
Describe the LEFT function.
=LEFT(text,[num_chars])
num_chars is the number of characters you want to extract starting from the left side of the text
if num_chars is not specified, Excel will return the first character
Describe the LEN function.
returns number of characters
=LEN(text)
Describe the MID function.
extracts a specific number of characters from the middle of a text string
=MID(text,start_num,num_chars)
num_chars is the number of characters that will be extracted
Describe the RIGHT function.
extracts specific number of characters from the end of a text string.
=RIGHT(text,[num_chars])
num_chars is the number of characters you want to extract starting from the right side of the text
if num_chars is not specified, Excel will return the first character
Describe the TEXT function.
=TEXT(value,format_text)
value is the numerical value you want to format
format_text is the format you’d like to apply to that number
if format_text is DD, it will return number
if format_text is DDD, it will return the first 3 letters of the corresponding day of the week
if format_text is DDDD, it will return the fully written day of the week
Describe the TRIM function.
removes any leading and trailing spaces in a text that do not make sense (keeps spaces in between words if it makes sense)
=TRIM(text)
What does the #VALUE! error mean?
error when it finds spaces, characters, or text in a formula where it is expecting a number
What does the #NAME? error mean?
signifies that something needs to be corrected in the syntax
What does the #DIV/0! error mean?
means divide a formula by zero or an empty cell
What does the #REF! error mean?
when a formula references a cell that is not valid
What does the #NULL! error mean?
errors occur when you specify an intersection of two areas that don’t intersect, or when an incorrect range operator is used
What does the #N/A error mean?
means that the numbers you are referring to in your formula cannot be found
What does the #NUM! error mean?
contains numeric values that aren’t valid
What does the ###### error mean?
means the column isn’t wide enough to display the value you’ve inputted
Describe the IFERROR function.
=IFERROR(value,value_if_error)
value_if_error is the value to return if the formula evaluates to an error
Describe the IF function.
=IF(condition,value_if_true,value_if_false)
Describe the COUNTA function.
=COUNTA(value1,[value2],…)
looks at the number of records (can be words, numbers, etc.)
Describe the SMALL function. (LARGE works the same way)
returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
=SMALL(array,k)
Describe the AVERAGEIF function.
=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])
can only handle one condition
Describe the SUMIF function.
=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
Describe the AVERAGEIFS function.
=AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)
can handle one or more criteria
Describe the COUNT function.
=COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
looks at numbers only
Describe the COUNTIF function.
=COUNTIF(Where do you want to look?, What do you want to look for?)
Describe what happens in C$12.
column to change, but row to stay the same
Describe what happens in $C12.
row to change, but column to stay the same
Describe what happens in $C$12.
column and row stay the same
What are the 4 components of information systems?
- Hardware
- Software
- Data
- Network
Describe the MAX function.
=MAX(A2:A6, 30)
largest value in the range A2:A6 and the value 30
What are the 3 methods for naming cells or a range of cells?
- Type the name in the name box
- Create from Selection
- Name Manager
What is the difference between a direct user and an indirect user?
direct user: users that interact directly with the existing IS
indirect user: users who depend on the results of direct users’ interactions with existing IS
What does a consultant do? What about an analyst? What about a designer?
consultant: solves problems to help manager make better decisions
analyst: collecting and cleaning data (and using this data to build reports)
designer: developing software to better efficiency
What are expert systems?
replicates what humans do
What is deep learning?
when the data is strong enough that the computer will start learning by itself
What are neural networks?
tries to replicate how the human brain works
A SUBSET OF MACHINE LEARNING
What is machine learning?
- Train the machine by showing examples of desired behaviors/outcomes
- Train the machine by telling it what the real outcome should be
What is weak AI? What is strong AI?
weak AI: trained to solve specific problems, exists in today’s world
strong AI: machines that are self-aware and conscious and who can plan for the future, does not exist yet
