information technology management final Flashcards
1
Q
What is UX (user experience)?
A
encompasses the overall user journey and how they interact with and feel about a product
2
Q
What is UI (user interface)?
A
- part of UX
- focuses on the visual and interactive elements of a product
3
Q
Describe and give an example for each of the 7 fundamental principles of design.
A
- discoverability: user must be able to discover and get to the features, search feature that allows users to quickly find specific information or features
- feedback: ability to provide user with the right feedback while they navigate the site, a loading animation that indicates that the transaction is being processed
- conceptual model: recognizing patterns and understanding how a design entity works, shopping cart in ecommerce sites
- affordances: potential actions that an object allows based on its properties/capabilities, chair affords sitting and spinning
- signifiers: cues you get to detect affordances, flat seat suggests where to sit on chair
- mapping: relationship between actions and results, moving a slider to the right typically increases the value and moving it to the left decreases it
- constraints: constraining behavior, graying out a button when an action is unavailable is a semantic constraint
4
Q
Describe and give an example for each of the 5 principles of visual design.
A
- scale: using relative size to signal importance, large image of the main product and smaller images for related products
- visual hierarchy: position signals their importance, bold and all caps for headline
- balance: satisfying arrangement of design elements, login page with buttons placed symmetrically on either side of a vertical center line
- contrast: provides noticeable differences between two objects, use red to indicate destructive actions like deleting
- Gestalt principles: our tendency to perceive the whole as opposed to the individual elements, link color should be reserved only for interactive text and other clickable elements as users will perceive that all items sharing this characteristic are related and work in the same way
5
Q
Name some of the Gestalt principles.
A
- similarity
- continuation
- proximity
- common region
- symmetry and order
6
Q
What are HTML elements?
A
- consist of tags and content
- content is anything in between opening and closing tag
7
Q
What are HTML tags?
A
define how the content should appear
8
Q
What are HTML attributes?
A
provides additional information to the browser about how a tag should behave or appear
9
Q
Write the heading tag.
A
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
10
Q
Write the paragraph tag.
A
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
11
Q
Write the link tag. What tag does it use, and what does that tag mean?
A
- <a href=“https://mcgill.ca”>Click me!</a>
- anchor tag: defines a hyperlink
12
Q
Write the image tag. What is so special about the image element? What attribute is absolutely necessary in the image tag? What does the alt attribute do?
A
- does not have content or ending tag
- the src (source) attribute
- text that appears if the image is missing or if you hover over image
- < img src=”pic_trulli.jpg” alt=”Italian Trulli” >
13
Q
How would you write a comment in HTML?
A
<!-- This is a comment -->
14
Q
Identify each part of http://www.modulemedia/com/ourwork/index.html.
A
- http:// is the protocol
- www.modulemedia.com is the domain name
- /ourwork/ is the path
- index.html is the filename
15
Q
Under the “table” parent tag, what is td, th and tr? What would the code look like if you want to add an HTML table without a header? What would the code look like if you want to add an HTML table with a header?
A
- td: table data
- th: table header, bold
- tr: table row
- < table >
< tr >< td >< /td >< td >X< /td >< td >< /td >< /tr > (first td combo means cell is empty, second td combo means cell has X in it, third td combo means cell is empty)
< /table > - < table >
< tr >
< th >Resource< /th >
< /tr >
16
Q
Describe the formatting of a “ul” (unordered list) parent tag.
A
bullets
17
Q
Describe the formatting of a “ol” (ordered list) parent tag. How would the code look like if you were to add list items to your list?
A
- numbers (1, 2, 3, …)
- < ol >
< li >First line item< /li >
< li >Second line item< /li >
< li >Third line item< /li >
< /ol >
18
Q
Describe the following < input > elements: text, radio, checkbox, submit, button.
A
- text: displays a single-line text input field
- radio: selecting one of many choices
- checkbox: selecting zero or more of many choices
- submit: submitting the form
- button: clickable button (but not for submitting)
19
Q
Describe the < form > element.
A
a container for different types of input elements
20
Q
What must the for attribute of the < label > tag equal to?
A
it must equal to the id attribute of the < input > element
21
Q
What does < br > tag mean? What is so special about this tag?
A
- line break
- does not have content or ending tag
22
Q
What does the value attribute do in an input tag? How would the code look like?
A
- specifies the default value or current value of the input field
- will appear in the input box when the page is loaded
- < input type = “button” value = “Go!” />
23
Q
What does the < option > element do? How do you define a pre-selected option?
A
- defines an option that can be selected
- use the selected attribute to pre-select an option
24
Q
Describe the select element. What attribute must be in the select element?
A
- creates a drop-down list
- name attribute
25
Describe the
tag. What can be put inside the
tag?
- defines a division/section in an HTML document
- any sort of content can be put inside the
tag
26
Name a few tags that do not have ending tags or content.
- img
- br
- input type="text"
27
What does CSS stand for? What is it?
- cascading style sheets
- for formatting content in an HTML page
28
What is the syntax of CSS?
Selector {property:value; property:value; …property:value}
couples of property and value seperated by ;
29
In CSS, what is the selector? Describe the 3 types of selectors.
- the element that receives styling
- element selector: selecting based on element name, use when all elements want to receive a style
- id selector: selecting based on the id of the element, use when only one element wants to receive a style, use #
- class selector: selecting based on the class of the element, use when many elements want to receive a style, use .
30
In CSS, what is the difference between id and class?
- id: unique identifier for an element on a page, can only be used once per page
- class: not unique, multiple elements can share the same class name
31
How would you write a comment in CSS?
/* This is a single-line comment */
32
In CSS, what is a margin?
- space outside an element's border
33
In CSS, what is padding?
space between the content of an element (like text, images, etc.) and the element's border
34
In CSS, what happens when you set height and width to auto, as a length, as a %, to initial, to inherit?
- auto: browser calculates the size based on content
- length: defines a fixed size in units
- %: defines size as a percentage of the parent container
- initial: resets the size to the default value
- inherit: inherits the size from the parent value
35
Describe the 3 ways to connect HTML and CSS.
- external CSS = each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file (.css extension) inside the < link > element, inside the head section (< link rel="stylesheet" href="simple.css" >)
- internal CSS = defined inside the < style > element, inside the head section
- inline CSS = add style attribute directly to an HTML element, not recommended
36
What is Bootstrap? What is it best for? What is the general structure?
- library of already developed styles
- creating a grid that structures content in responsive containers, sum of spans of a single row must equal 12
- < div class="container" >
< div class="row" >
< div class="col-md-4" >
4 means that the column will occupy 1/3 of the available space (4/12 = 1/3)
37
In Bootstrap, classes are applied to HTML tags as what?
attributes
38
In Bootstrap, what is a navigation bar?
- guides users to different sections or pages
- can extend or collapse depending on screen size
39
In JavaScript, how do you write on the console?
- console.log(10) for number data
- console.log("hello") for string data
40
JavaScript is to be written inside which tag?
< script >
41
What are 2 ways to add comments in JavaScript? Name them.
- // This is a single-line comment
- /*
This is a multi-line comment.
It can span multiple lines
without any issues.
*/
42
In JavaScript, what does the "use script" line mean? Where is it placed?
- means that all variables need to be declared through "var" keyword
- placed after opening < script > tag
43
In JavaScript, how do you clear the console?
console.clear()
44
What character does each JavaScript statement end with?
;
45
What are 2 ways to access the developers' console?
- right click then Inspect
- three dots then More tools then Developer tools
46
What are 3 data types that JavaScript supports?
- numbers
- text strings
- Boolean
47
In JavaScript, what does the var statement mean? What would the code look like if you are creating a variable?
- creates a variable
- var tri_base = 10
48
In JavaScript, what would be the result of console.log(13%5)?
3
49
In JavaScript, what do we call variable names?
identifiers
50
In JavaScript, what are some limitations of identifiers?
- can only contain letters, numbers, _, and $
- cannot start with a number
- case-sensitive
- can be any length
- cannot be the same as reserved words such as var or console
51
In JavaScript, write and explain the length property.
- name_of_variable.length
- gives number of characters in text string
52
In JavaScript, write and explain the parseInt() function.
- parseInt("")
- converting string to integer
53
In JavaScript, write and explain the toFixed() method.
- variable.toFixed(# of decimals to keep)
- converting number to string
strings are always declared in ""
54
How do we create a function in JavaScript?
function name(parameter1, parameter2, parameter3) {
// code to be executed
}
use the "function" keyword and specify the parameters
55
In JavaScript, what does the return statement do?
pushes the interpreter to step out of the block and returns a value
56
In JavaScript, what do breakpoints do?
stop the execution of code
57
In JavaScript, what is the assignation sign?
=
58
What is jQuery?
- a JavaScript library
- allows reading/writing on HTML elements (compared to reading/writing on console)
59
What is the basic syntax of jQuery?
$(selector).action()
select an element and do something on it
60
With jQuery, how do we read HTML content of an element?
var x = $("#tag1").html()
- $("#tag1"): uses jQuery to select the HTML element with the id of tag 1
- .html(): retrieves the inner HTML of the selected element
61
With jQuery, how do we write HTML content of an element?
$("#tag1").html("hello world")
- $("#tag1"): uses jQuery to select the HTML element with the id of tag 1
- .html("hello world"): sets inner HTML of the selected element to "hello world"
basically, something in () means writing and nothing in () means reading
62
With jQuery, how do we read the value of a tag?
var x = $("#tag2").val()
use when there is a value attribute in the HTML tag
63
With jQuery, how do we write the value of a tag?
$("#tag2").val("New text")
use when there is a value attribute in the HTML tag
64
In jQuery, what are events?
a condition that your code is waiting for
65
What is the syntax of a click event block?
$("#button_Id").click(function(){
//something happens here when the button is clicked!
console.log("the button was clicked!");
})
66
In jQuery, what do you call a function that has no name?
anonymous function
67
What is the difference between = and ==? What does != mean?
- = means value assignation
- == means equality
- != means not equal to
68
What is a Boolean value?
returns true or false
69
What is the structure of if statements in JavaScript?
if (condition){
// statement
}
if the condition is true, the code between {} is executed (if the condition is false, the code is skipped)
70
What does the else keyword do in JavaScript?
tells the interpreter to only go inside the block and execute the statements if the previous condition in a preceding if condition is false
71
What is the isNaN(method) in JavaScript?
- means not-a-number
- returns true if value is not a number (returns false if value is a number)
- converts the value to a number before testing it
72
What would isNaN("100%") return?
true (percentages are not a valid number)
73
What is the operator for AND? What does AND mean?
- &&
- returns true if both expressions are true
74
What is the operator for OR? What does OR mean?
- ||
- returns true if either expression is true
75
What is the operator for NOT? What does NOT mean?
- !
- reverses the value of the Boolean expression
76
What is the order of precedence for logical operators?
NOT > AND > OR
77
In JavaScript, what is the syntax for loops?
for (counter initialization; condition; increment/decrement expression){
//repeated statements
}
- counter initialization: executed only once, create variable and assign value
- condition: if the condition is true, the code block's statement will be executed (if false, you get our of code block)
- after executing the statements, the counter is incremented/decremented using the increment/decrement expression
78
In JavaScript, what does x++ mean?
x=x+1
79
In JavaScript, what is the difference between the values in the console and the values in the computer's memory?
- console: values come from console.log(x)
- computer memory: values come from the increment expression
80
In JavaScript, why do we use loops?
- performing a calculation that requires iterations
- to test a condition more than once
81
Name 4 tags that can be generated with a loop.
- < table >
- < select >
- < ul >
- < ol >
82
What is an array?
a collection of elements (can be string, number, Boolean or array)
83
What is the index of the first element of an array?
0
84
How do you add an element to an array? How do you replace an element in an array?
use index
85
What does the sort() method do to an array?
- sorts alphabetically
- numbers than strings than Boolean values
86
What is the syntax of two-dimensional arrays?
arrayname[position in outer array][position in inner array]
87
What is automation?
execution of repetitive or similar tasks that are done through non-human agents
88
What are 3 steps to follow when using Excel's Automate feature?
1. record a simple action
2. adjust it to scale (add loops and conditions)
3. create a user interface (UI) to collect the needed parameters from the user and command run
89
What is API?
- application programming interface
- introduces the library of methods, properties, and functions specific to Excel
- think dictionary
90
Excel worksheets are treated as...
two-dimensional arrays
91
What is a power user?
someone who uses advanced features of a hardware, software, or application
92
In Excel, what can replace macros in terms of automation?
Power Automate
93
Why is it called "TypeSript"? How does it compare to JavaScript?
- you can explicitly define the type of a variable
- in JavaScript, variables can change their type at runtime
94
What is Power Automate?
Excel's way of automatically running scripts, without the need to even open the Excel files
95
In Power Automate, what are flows?
- a series of actions that happen in a certain sequence
- the process, contains triggers + actions
96
What are triggers? What are recurrence triggers?
- an event that starts a cloud flow
- event that causes an action to occur repeatedly at specified time intervals
97
What are 3 types of triggers?
- triggers for instant/manual flows (flows are triggered manually by the user)
- triggers for scheduled flows (flows run on a set schedule)
- triggers for automated flows (flows start automatically when a certain event happens)
98
In Power Automate, what are actions?
executable commands that could follow a trigger
99
What are some limitations with macros that TypeScript addresses more effectively?
- difficult to edit/modify
- security issues (need to save locally)
- records unintentional clicks
100
How would you inform the browser that we are using HTML5?
as the first line above < html >
101
How do heading tags look? Is larger in size than
larger in size than ?
- bold
- yes
102
In HTML, how would you add a title? Where would this title appear?
- How To Become A Hacker
- appears in the browser's title bar
103
Can an already declared variable be re-assigned a value?
yes
104
When "+" is used between a string and another string, or a string and a number, what does it read?
concatenation
105
When "+" is used between two numbers, what does it read?
addition
if numbers are in "", they are treated as strings and not actual numbers
106
In JavaScript, what is the syntax to define a function?
function whatEverYouWantToCallThisFunction (input1Name, input2Name,…){
//some statements that get executed when the function is called
}
107
In JavaScript, what is the syntax to call a function with actual values?
whatEverYouWantToCallThisFunction(8, “john”,…)
108
In JavaScript, what is the syntax to call a function with variables holding actual value passed as parameters?
var a= 8;
var b=”John”
whatEverYouWantToCallThisFunction(a, b)
109
In JavaScript, what does $(“.jumbo”) do?
selects the tag with class="jumbo" attribute
. means class
110
In JavaScript, what does $(“p”) do?
selects all the
tags
111
In JavaScript, what does $(“#mumbo”) do?
- selects the tag with an id=”mumbo” attribute
- # means id
112
In JavaScript, how do you iterate (loop) through an array?
var fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'];
for (let i = 0; i < fruits.length; i++) {
console.log(fruits[i]);
}
113
What part of an HTML document is visible to the user?
between and
114
In a typical HTML document, where should the < title > tag go?
inside the < head > tag
115
What HTML tag is used to hold CSS rules?
< style >
116
Once a condition is true in an if-else chain, the rest...
are skipped
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