Information Processing Keywords

Question 1

Information processing

Answer 1

The methods by which data from the environment are collected and utilised

Question 2

Input stage

Answer 2

Information picked up by the senses

Question 3

Display

Answer 3

The sporting environment

Question 4

Receptor systems

Answer 4

The senses that pick up information from the display

Question 5

Proprioceptors

Answer 5

The senses that provide internal information from within the body

Question 6

Selective attention

Answer 6

Filtering relevant information from irrelevant information

Question 7

Stimuli

Answer 7

The important and relevant items of information from the display such as the flight of the ball

Question 8

Perception

Answer 8

The process of coding and interpreting sensory information

Question 9

Translators mechanisms

Answer 9

Adapting and comparing coded information to memory so that decisions can be made

Question 10

Effector mechanism

Answer 10

The network of nerves that sends coded impulses to the muscles

Question 11

Working memory

Answer 11

So named since it performs a number of functions

Question 12

Central executive

Answer 12

The control centre of the working memory model, it uses three other ‘systems’ to control all the information moving in and out of the memory system

Question 13

Phonological loop

Answer 13

Deals with auditory information from the senses and helps produce the memory trace

Question 14

Visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 14

Used to temporarily store visual and spatial information

Question 15

Episodic buffer

Answer 15

Co-ordinates the sight, hearing and movement information from the working memory into sequences to be sent to the long-term memory

Question 16

Long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 16

Receives information from the working memory and has an unlimited capacity for the storage of motor programmes

Question 17

Association

Answer 17

Linking the stored actions of a skill to a stored emotion or other action

Question 18

Mental practice

Answer 18

Going over the action in the mind without physical movement

Question 19

Chunking

Answer 19

Breaking the skilled action into parts or sub-routines

Question 20

Initial conditions

Answer 20

Information from the environment

Question 21

Response specifications

Answer 21

Information about what to do

Question 22

Recall schema

Answer 22

Initiates movement, comes before the action

Question 23

Recognition schema

Answer 23

Controls movement, happens during the action

Question 24

Sensory consequences

Answer 24

Information about the feel of the movement

Question 25

Response outcome

Answer 25

Feedback about the result

Question 26

Varied practice

Answer 26

Changing the type and content of the practice session

Question 27

Reaction time

Answer 27

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the onset of a response

Question 28

Movement time

Answer 28

The time taken to complete the task

Question 29

Response time

Answer 29

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the completion of a task.
Response time = Reaction time + Movement time

Question 30

Hick’s law

Answer 30

Reaction time increases as the number of choices increases

Question 31

Psychological refractory period

Answer 31

A delay when a second stimulus is presented before the first has been processed

Question 32

Anticipation

Answer 32

Pre-judging a stimulus

Question 33

Temporal anticipation

Answer 33

When it is going to happen

Question 34

Spatial anticipation

Answer 34

Where and what is going to happen

Question 35

Kinesthesis

Answer 35

The inner sense that gives information about body position and muscular tension