Information Processing Keywords Flashcards
Information processing
The methods by which data from the environment are collected and utilised
Input stage
Information picked up by the senses
Display
The sporting environment
Receptor systems
The senses that pick up information from the display
Proprioceptors
The senses that provide internal information from within the body
Selective attention
Filtering relevant information from irrelevant information
Stimuli
The important and relevant items of information from the display such as the flight of the ball
Perception
The process of coding and interpreting sensory information
Translators mechanisms
Adapting and comparing coded information to memory so that decisions can be made
Effector mechanism
The network of nerves that sends coded impulses to the muscles
Working memory
So named since it performs a number of functions
Central executive
The control centre of the working memory model, it uses three other ‘systems’ to control all the information moving in and out of the memory system
Phonological loop
Deals with auditory information from the senses and helps produce the memory trace
Visuospatial sketchpad
Used to temporarily store visual and spatial information
Episodic buffer
Co-ordinates the sight, hearing and movement information from the working memory into sequences to be sent to the long-term memory
Long-term memory (LTM)
Receives information from the working memory and has an unlimited capacity for the storage of motor programmes
Association
Linking the stored actions of a skill to a stored emotion or other action
Mental practice
Going over the action in the mind without physical movement
Chunking
Breaking the skilled action into parts or sub-routines
Initial conditions
Information from the environment
Response specifications
Information about what to do
Recall schema
Initiates movement, comes before the action
Recognition schema
Controls movement, happens during the action
Sensory consequences
Information about the feel of the movement
Response outcome
Feedback about the result
Varied practice
Changing the type and content of the practice session
Reaction time
The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the onset of a response
Movement time
The time taken to complete the task
Response time
The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the completion of a task.
Response time = Reaction time + Movement time
Hick’s law
Reaction time increases as the number of choices increases
Psychological refractory period
A delay when a second stimulus is presented before the first has been processed
Anticipation
Pre-judging a stimulus
Temporal anticipation
When it is going to happen
Spatial anticipation
Where and what is going to happen
Kinesthesis
The inner sense that gives information about body position and muscular tension
